Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T00:46:41.286Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in bovines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2021

Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh ,
Shahabeddin Sarvi ,
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ,
Mehdi Sharif ,
Shirzad Gholami ,
Abdol Sattar Pagheh ,
Fattaneh Montazeri ,
Tooran Nayeri ,
Maryam Nakhaei  and
Tahereh Mikaeili Galeh
...Show all authors
Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
Shahabeddin Sarvi
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Mehdi Sharif
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
Shirzad Gholami
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Abdol Sattar Pagheh
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Fattaneh Montazeri
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
Tooran Nayeri
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
Maryam Nakhaei
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
Tahereh Mikaeili Galeh
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
Ahmad Daryani*
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Ahmad Daryani, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bovines, especially cattle, are considered as one of the main sources of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans. A more comprehensive understanding of the occurrence of T. gondii is needed to provide a global perspective on the prevalence of T. gondii in bovines. Here, we present the results of the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the global T. gondii seroprevalence in bovines. Six databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar) were comprehensively searched for relevant studies published between 1 January 1967 and 30 May 2019. Among 7691 publications searched, 178 studies (from 50 countries) with 193 datasets were included in the meta-analysis. The global pooled and weighted seroprevalence of T. gondii among bovines was 17.91% [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.32–20.6]. Weighted prevalence based on the host was as follows: cattle 16.94% (95% CI: 14.25–19.81), buffalo 22.26% (95% CI: 16.8–29), yak 23% (95% CI: 14–33) and bison 8.1% (95% CI: 3.9–13.7). Continued monitoring on the status of T. gondii seroprevalence in bovines is essential. Study on the prevalence of T. gondii in the products of bovines such as milk, meat, etc., which are considered as the source of transmission of infection to humans, is recommended.

Keywords

Bovinemeta-analysisseroprevalencetoxoplasmosiszoonosis
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 12 , October 2021 , pp. 1417 - 1433
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acici, M, Babur, C, Kilic, S, Hokelek, M and Kurt, M (2008) Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and domestic animals in Samsun province, Turkey. Tropical Animal Health and Production 40, 311–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adesiyun, AA and Cazabon, EP (1996) Seroprevalences of brucellosis, Q-fever and toxoplasmosis in slaughter livestock in Trinidad. Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 49, 28–30.Google ScholarPubMed
Aganga, AO, Belino, ED, Adegboye, DS and Ilemobade, AA (1981) A serological survey of toxoplasmosis in food animals (cattle, sheep, goats and swine) in two Northern States of Nigeria. International Journal of Zoonoses 8, 57–62.Google ScholarPubMed
Ahmad, N and Qayyum, M (2014) Seroprevalence and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in large ruminants in northern Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, 1022–1028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akca, A and Mor, N (2010) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle in the province of Kars, Turkey as determined by ELISA. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advances 9, 876–878.Google Scholar
Al-Mohammed, HI (2011) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats, dogs and ruminant animals in Al-Ahsa area in Saudi Arabia. Research Journal of Medical Sciences 5, 190–192.Google Scholar
Albuquerque, GR, Munhoz, AD, Teixeira, M, Flausino, W, de Medeiros, SM and Lopes, CWG (2011) Risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle, State of Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 31, 287–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almeria, S, Cabezon, O, Paniagua, J, Cano-Terriza, D, Jimenez-Ruiz, S, Arenas-Montes, A, Dubey, JP and Garcia-Bocanegra, I (2018) Toxoplasma gondii in sympatric domestic and wild ungulates in the Mediterranean ecosystem. Parasitology Research 117, 665–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alvarado-Esquivel, C, Romero-Salas, D, Garcia-Vazquez, Z, Cruz-Romero, A, Peniche-Cardena, A, Ibarra-Priego, N, Aguilar-Dominguez, M, Perez-de-Leon, AA and Dubey, JP (2014) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Veracruz state, Mexico and its association with climatic factors. BMC Veterinary Research 10, 232.10.1186/s12917-014-0232-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anees, A, Maqbool, A, Khan, UJ, Yasmin, G and Zahra, F (2014) Seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in butchers and buffaloes at Lahore, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46, 1479–1483.Google Scholar
Arias, ML, Reyes, L, Chinchilla, M and Linder, E (1994) Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii (Apicomplexa) in meat producing animals in Costa-Rica. Revista De Biologia Tropical 42, 15–20.Google ScholarPubMed
Asgari, Q, Mehrabani, D, Moazeni, M, Akrami Mohajeri, F, Kalantari, M, Motazedian, MH, Hatam, GR and Davarpanah, MA (2010) The seroprevalence of bovine toxoplasmosis in Fars province, southern Iran. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 5, 210–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asgari, Q, Sarkari, B, Amerinia, M, Panahi, S, Mohammadpour, I and Sadeghi Sarvestani, A (2013) Toxoplasma infection in farm animals: a seroepidemiological survey in Fars province, south of Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 7, e11598. doi: 10.5812/jjm.5195CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayinmode, A, Akinseye, V, Schares, G and Cadmus, S (2017) Serological survey of toxoplasmosis, neosporosis and brucellosis among cattle herds in Oyo state, south-western Nigeria. African Journal of Infectious Diseases 11, 95–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bao, M, Tian, YM, Zhou, DH, Xu, MJ, Wu, SM, Wang, SD, Tang, F, Qu, LD and Song, HQ (2012) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle, in Jinzhou, Northeastern China. African Journal of Microbiology Research 6, 3932–3935.Google Scholar
Bartova, E, Sedlak, K and Budikova, M (2015) A study of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibody seroprevalence in healthy cattle in the Czech Republic. The Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 22, 32–34.10.5604/12321966.1141365CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartova, E, Kobedova, K, Lamka, J, Kotrba, R, Vodicka, R and Sedlak, K (2017) Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in exotic ruminants and camelids in the Czech Republic. Parasitology Research 116, 1925–1929.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bekele, T and Kasali, OB (1989) Toxoplasmosis in sheep, goats and cattle in central Ethiopia. Veterinary Research Communications 13, 371–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belluco, S, Patuzzi, I and Ricci, A (2018) Bovine meat versus pork in Toxoplasma gondii transmission in Italy: a quantitative risk assessment model. International Journal of Food Microbiology 269, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berger-Schoch, AE, Bernet, D, Doherr, MG, Gottstein, B and Frey, CF (2011) Toxoplasma gondii in Switzerland: a serosurvey based on meat juice analysis of slaughtered pigs, wild boar, sheep and cattle. Zoonoses and Public Health 58, 472–478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beyhan, YE, Babur, C and Yilmaz, O (2014) Investigation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Samsun and Afyon provinces. Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 38, 220–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brasil, AW, Parentoni, RN, Feitosa, TF, Bezerra Cde, S, Vilela, VL, Pena, HF and de Azevedo, SS (2015) Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum seropositivity in buffaloes in Paraiba State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria 24, 459–463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandrawathani, P, Nurulaini, R, Zanin, CM, Premaalatha, B, Adnan, M, Jamnah, O, Khor, SK, Khadijah, S, Lai, SZ, Shaik, MA, Seah, TC and Zatil, SA (2008) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs, goats, cattle, dogs and cats in peninsular Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 25, 257–258.Google ScholarPubMed
Chaudhary, ZI, Ahmed, RS, Hussain, SMI and Shakoori, AR (2006) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in butchers and buffaloes by polymerase chain reaction and latex agglutination test. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 38, 333–336.Google Scholar
Chhabra, MB and Mahajan, RC (1978) A serological study on toxoplasmosis prevalence in buffaloes in north India. Rivista de Parassitologia 39, 39–43.Google Scholar
Chhabra, MB, Gupta, SL and Gautam, OP (1985) Toxoplasma seroprevalence in animals in northern India. International Journal of Zoonoses 12, 136–142.Google ScholarPubMed
Chikweto, A, Kumthekar, S, Tiwari, K, Nyack, B, Deokar, MS, Stratton, G, Macpherson, CN, Sharma, RN and Dubey, JP (2011) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle from Grenada and Carriacou, West Indies. Journal of Parasitology 97, 950–951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, A, Holliman, R, Gilbert, R, Buffolano, W, Zufferey, J, Petersen, E, Jenum, P, Foulon, W, Semprini, A and Dunn, D (2000) Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study Commentary: congenital toxoplasmosis – further thought for food. BMJ 321, 142–147.10.1136/bmj.321.7254.142CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, AJ, Avila, FA, Kassai, N, Paulillo, AC, Barbosa da Silva, M and Galesco, H (1978) Anti-toxoplasma antibodies in bovine serums in Jaboticabal County; Sao Paulo, Brazil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico (Sao Paulo) 45, 299–301.Google ScholarPubMed
Costa, GHN, da Costa, AJ, Lopes, WDZ, Bresciani, KDS, dos Santos, TR, Esper, CR and Santana, AE (2011) Toxoplasma gondii: infection natural congenital in cattle and an experimental inoculation of gestating cows with oocysts. Experimental Parasitology 127, 277–281.10.1016/j.exppara.2010.08.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, DG, Marvulo, MF, Silva, JS, Santana, SC, Magalhaes, FJ, Filho, CD, Ribeiro, VO, Alves, LC, Mota, RA, Dubey, JP and Silva, JC (2012) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic and wild animals from the Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Journal of Parasitology 98, 679–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daryani, A, Shariatzadeh, SA, Pagheh, A, Sharif, M and Sarvi, S (2018) Cattle toxoplasmosis in the worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prospero. Available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/record_email.phpID=CRD42019107442Google Scholar
Da Silva, JB, Dos Santos, PN, De Santana Castro, GN, Da Fonseca, AH and Barbosa, JD (2014) Prevalence survey of selected bovine pathogens in water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil. Journal of Parasitology Research 2014, 603484. doi: 10.1155/2014/603484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
da Silva, JB, Nicolino, RR, Fagundes, GM, Bomjardim, HD, Reis, ADB, Lima, DHD, Oliveira, CMC, Barbosa, JD and da Fonseca, AH (2017) Serological survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle (Bos indicus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in ten provinces of Brazil. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 52, 30–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davoust, B, Mediannikov, O, Roqueplo, C, Perret, C, Demoncheaux, JP, Sambou, M, Guillot, J and Blaga, R (2014) Serological survey of animal toxoplasmosis in Senegal. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique 108, 73–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dechicha, AS, Bachi, F, Gharbi, I, Gourbdji, E, Baazize-Ammi, D and Guetarni, D (2015) Sero-epidemiological survey on toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep and goats in Algeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research 10, 2113–2119.Google Scholar
Dehkordi, FS, Haghighi Borujeni, MR, Rahimi, E and Abdizadeh, R (2013) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in raw caprine, ovine, buffalo, bovine, and camel milk using cell cultivation, cat bioassay, capture ELISA, and PCR methods in Iran. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 10, 120–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Macedo, M, de Macedo, CAB, de Barros, LD, Martins, GF, Sandeski, LM, Zulpo, DL, da Cunha, IAL, Taroda, A, Cardim, ST and Garcia, JL (2012a) Serum occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dairy cows slaughtered in an abattoir for human consume. Ciencia Rural 42, 1065–1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Macedo, M, de Macedo, CAB, Ewald, MPD, Martins, GF, Zulpo, DL, da Cunha, IAL, Taroda, A, Cardim, ST, Su, CL and Garcia, JL (2012b) Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pregnant dairy cows (Bos taurus) slaughtered. Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinaria 21, 74–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deng, H, Swart, A, Wu, Y, Li, X, Li, J, Liu, M, Opsteegh, M and van der Giessen, JWB (2020) Quantitative risk assessment of meat-borne Toxoplasma gondii infection in the mainland of China. Microbial Risk Analysis 14, 100090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Oliveira, JP, Casseb, ADR, Ramos, ADS, Filho, STR, Nogueira, HL, Pinho, RO and Pereira, WLA (2018) Risk factors associated with the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias 39, 2029–2038.Google Scholar
de Santos, LMJF, Damé, MCF, Cademartori, BG, da Cunha Filho, NA, da Farias, NAR and Ruas, JL (2013) Occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes and meat cattle in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Acta Parasitologica 58, 334–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Souza, LM, do Nascimento, AA, Furuta, PI, Basso, LMS, da Silveira, DM and da Costa, AJ (2001) Antibodies for Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes from São Paulo state, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 22, 39–48.Google Scholar
de Souza, JB, Soares, VE, Maia, MO, Pereira, CM, Ferraudo, AS, Cruz, BC, Pires Teixeira, WF, Felippelli, G, Maciel, WG, Goncalves, WAJ, da Costa, AJ and Zanetti Lopes, WD (2016) Spatial distribution and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in cattle slaughtered for human consumption in Rondonia, North Region, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology 226, 145–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diakou, A, Papadopoulos, E, Haralabidis, S, Papachristou, F, Karatzias, H and Panousis, N (2005) Prevalence of parasites in intensively managed dairy cattle in Thessaloniki region, Greece. Cattle Practice 13, 51–54.Google Scholar
do Carmo, EL, Morais, R, Lima, MD, de Moraes, CCG, Albuquerque, GR, da Silva, AV and Povoa, MM (2017) Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in beef cattle slaughtered in the metropolitan region of Belem, Brazilian Amazon. Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinaria 26, 226–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, H, Lu, YY, Su, RJ, Wang, YH, Wang, MY, Jiang, YB and Yang, YR (2018a) Low prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle from China's central region. BMC Veterinary Research 14, 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1629-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dong, H, Su, R, Lu, Y, Wang, M, Liu, J, Jian, F and Yang, Y (2018b) Prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in food animals and humans (2000–2017) from China. Frontiers in Microbiology 9, 2108. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, JP (1985) Serologic prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, bison, and elk in Montana. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186, 969–970.Google ScholarPubMed
Dubey, JP and Beattie, C (1988) Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Man. CRC Press, Inc., pp. 169–174.Google Scholar
Dubey, J and Thulliez, P (1993) Persistence of tissue cysts in edible tissues of cattle fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, 270–273.Google ScholarPubMed
Dubey, JP, Romand, S, Hilali, M, Kwok, OC and Thulliez, P (1998) Seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Egypt. The International Journal for Parasitology 28, 527–529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, JP, Hill, DE, Jones, JL, Hightower, AW, Kirkland, E, Roberts, JM, Marcet, PL, Lehmann, T, Vianna, MCB, Miska, K, Sreekumar, C, Kwok, OCH, Shen, SK and Gamble, HR (2005) Prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the United States: risk assessment to consumers. Journal of Parasitology 91, 1082–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El-Metenawy, TM (2000) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among domesticated ruminants at Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 107, 32–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Elfahal, AM, Elhassan, AM, Hussien, MO, Enan, KA, Musa, AB and El Hussein, AM (2013) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle with reproductive problems in Sudan. ISRN Veterinary Science 2013, 895165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elfahal, A, Elhassan, AM, Hussein, M, Enan, K, Musa, AB and El Hussien, A (2014) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Cattle in Gezira and Khartoum States: A Comparison between ELISA and Latex Agglutination Tests.Google Scholar
Ergin, S, Ciftcioglu, G, Midilli, K, Issa, G and Gargili, A (2009) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii from meat and meat products by the nested-PCR method and its relationship with seroprevalence in slaughtered animals. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 53, 657–661.Google Scholar
Fajardo, HV, D'Avila, S, Bastos, RR, Cyrino, CD, de Lima Detoni, M, Garcia, JL, das Neves, LB, Nicolau, JL and Amendoeira, MR (2013) Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in cattle from extensive and semi-intensive rearing systems at Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais state, Southern Brazil. Parasites & Vectors 6, 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fereig, RM, Mahmoud, HYAH, Mohamed, SGA, AbouLaila, MR, Abdel-Wahab, A, Osman, SA, Zidan, SA, El-Khodary, SA, Mohamed, AEA and Nishikawa, Y (2016) Seroprevalence and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in farm animals in different regions of Egypt. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 3–4, 1–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Ferra, B, Holec-Gąsior, L and Kur, J (2015) Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in farm animals (horses, swine, and sheep) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using chimeric antigens. Parasitology International, 64, 288–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FK, P and Shah, H (2016) Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasmosis in the Cows (Cattle), Bos indicus Linnaeus (Mammalia: Eutheria) from Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frazao-Teixeira, E and de Oliveira, FC (2011) Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle and pigs in a highly endemic area for human toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Journal of Parasitology 97, 44–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furtado, MM, Gennari, SM, Ikuta, CY, De Almeida Jácomo, AT, De Morais, ZM, De Jesus Pena, HF, De Oliveira Porfírio, GE, Silveira, L, Sollmann, R, De Souza, GO, Tôrres, NM and Ferreira Neto, JS (2015) Serosurvey of smooth Brucella, Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging jaguars (Panthera onca) and domestic animals from Brazil. PLoS One 10, e0143816. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143816.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia-Bocanegra, I, Cabezon, O, Hernandez, E, Martinez-Cruz, MS, Martinez-Moreno, A and Martinez-Moreno, J (2013) Toxoplasma gondii in ruminant species (cattle, sheep, and goats) from southern Spain. Journal of Parasitology 99, 438–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia-Vazquez, Z, Rosario-Crus, R, Diaz-Garcia, G and Hernandez-Baumgarten, O (1993) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, swine and goats in four Mexican states. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 17, 127–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, JL, Marques, FAC, Vidotto, O, Navarro, IT, Martins, GF, Zulpo, DL, Da Cunha, IAL, Taroda, A, Cardim, ST and De Carvalho Ewald, MP (2012) Sero-occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and vertical transmission in slaughtered beef cows (Bos indicus). Semina: Ciencias Agrarias 33, 1095–1102.Google Scholar
Ge, W, Sun, H, Wang, Z, Xu, P, Wang, W, Mu, G, Wei, F and Liu, Q (2014) Prevalence and genotype of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle from Jilin province, Northeastern China. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 14, 399–402.10.1089/vbz.2013.1516CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gharekhani, J (2014a) Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infections in aborted cattle in Hamedan, Iran. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 1, 32–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gharekhani, J (2014b) Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in Hamedan, Iran: a sero-epidemiological study. Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine 71, 68–72.Google Scholar
Ghazaei, C (2006) Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. African journal of health sciences 13, 131–134.Google ScholarPubMed
Gilot-Fromont, E, Aubert, D, Belkilani, S, Hermitte, P, Gibout, O, Geers, R and Villena, I (2009) Landscape, herd management and within-herd seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in beef cattle herds from Champagne-Ardenne, France. Veterinary Parasitology 161, 36–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gondim, LFP, Barbosa, HV, Ribeiro, CHA and Saeki, H (1999) Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in goats, sheep, cattle and water buffaloes in Bahia state, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology 82, 273–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, M, Dubey, JP, Hill, D, Buchanan, RL, Gamble, H, Jones, JL and Pradhan, AK (2015) Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in meat animals and meat products destined for human consumption. Journal of Food Protection 78, 457–476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamidinejat, H, Ghorbanpour, M, Nabavi, L, Haji Hajikolaie, MR and Razi Jalali, MH (2010a) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in south-west of Iran. Tropical Biomedicine 27, 275–279.Google ScholarPubMed
Hamidinejat, H, Ghorbanpour, M, Nabavi, L, Hajikolaie, MRH and Jalali, MHR (2010b) Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in female cattle in south-west of Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production 42, 899–903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamzavi, Y, Mostafaie, A and Nomanpour, B (2007) Serological prevalence of toxoplasmosis in meat producing animals. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2, 7–11.Google Scholar
HashemiFesharki, R (1996) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle, sheep and goats in Iran. Veterinary Parasitology 61, 1–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hejlicek, K and Literak, I (1992) Occurrence of toxoplasmosis and its prevalence in cattle in the south Bohemian region. Acta Veterinaria Brno 61, 195–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, D and Dubey, J (2013) Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in farm animals in the United States. International Journal for Parasitology 43, 107–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffmann, S, Devleesschauwer, B, Aspinall, W, Cooke, R, Corrigan, T, Havelaar, A, Angulo, F, Gibb, H, Kirk, M and Lake, R (2017) Attribution of global foodborne disease to specific foods: findings from a world health organization structured expert elicitation. PLoS One 12, e0183641.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoghooghirad, N and Afraa, M (1993) Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans and domestic-animals in Ahwaz, capital of Khoozestan province, South-West Iran. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96, 163–168.Google ScholarPubMed
Holec-Gasior, L, Drapala, D, Dominiak-Gorski, B and Kur, J (2013) Epidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle in northern Poland. The Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 20, 653–656.Google ScholarPubMed
Huong, LT, Ljungstrom, BL, Uggla, A and Bjorkman, C (1998) Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and water buffaloes in southern Vietnam. Veterinary Parasitology 75, 53–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ibrahim, HM, Huang, P, Salem, TA, Talaat, RM, Nasr, MI, Xuan, X and Nishikawa, Y (2009) Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in northern Egypt. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 80, 263–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ibrahim, AM, Ismail, AA, Angara, TEE and Osman, M (2014a) Area-wide detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dairy animals from the Khartoum state, Sudan. Journal of Life Sciences 8, 723–730.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, AM, Ismail, AA, Angara, TEE and Osman, OM (2014b) Serological Survey on Toxoplasma gondii in Dairy Cows from the Sudan using ELISA.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, AM, Ismail, AA and Angara, TEE (2015) Analysis of risk factors associated with seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dairy animals from Khartoum State, Sudan.Google Scholar
Ichikawa-Seki, M, Guswanto, A, Allamanda, P, Mariamah, ES, Wibowo, PE, Igarashi, I and Nishikawa, Y (2015) Seroprevalence of antibody to TgGRA7 antigen of Toxoplasma gondii in livestock animals from western Java, Indonesia. Parasitology International 64, 484–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inpankaew, T, Pinyopanuwut, N, Chimnoi, W, Kengradomkit, C, Sununta, C, Zhang, G, Nishikawa, Y, Igarashi, I, Xuan, X and Jittapalapong, S (2010) Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cows in Thailand. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 57, 42–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jittapalapong, S, Pinyopanuwat, N, Chimnoi, W, Kengradomkij, C, Arunvipas, P, Sarataphan, N, Aruyama, S and Desquesnes, M (2008) Seroprevalence of# Brucella abortus, Neospara caninum#, and# Toxoplasma gondii # infections of dairy cows in South of Thailand.Google Scholar
Jokelainen, P, Tagel, M, Motus, K, Viltrop, A and Lassen, B (2017) Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in dairy and beef cattle: large-scale epidemiological study in Estonia. Veterinary Parasitology 236, 137–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, JL and Dubey, JP (2012) Foodborne toxoplasmosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 55, 845–851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joshua, R and Akinwumi, K (2003) Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in four breeds of cattle at Ibadan, Nigeria. Tropical Veterinarian 21, 134–137.Google Scholar
Kadle, AAH (2014) Sero-Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in domestic animals in Benadir region, Somalia. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 4, 170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakooza, S, Tumwebaze, M, Nabatta, E, Byaruhanga, J, Tayebwa, DS and Wampande, E (2018) Risk factors and co-existence of infectious causes of reproductive failures in selected Uganda cattle and goats: a Brucella spps-Toxoplasma gondii study. Open Access Library Journal 5, 1.Google Scholar
Kalita, M and Sarmah, PC (2015) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle from Assam. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 6, 3223–3225.Google Scholar
Khalil, KM and Elrayah, IE (2011) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in farm animals (camels, cattle, and sheep) in Sudan. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 3, 36–39.Google Scholar
Khames, M, Yekkour, F, Fernández-Rubio, C, Aubert, D, Nguewa, P and Villena, I (2018) Serological survey of cattle toxoplasmosis in Medea, Algeria. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 12, 89–90.Google ScholarPubMed
Klun, I, Djurkovic-Djakovic, O, Katic-Radivojevic, S and Nikolic, A (2006) Cross-sectional survey on Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep and pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and risk factors. Veterinary Parasitology 135, 121–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Konnai, S, Mingala, CN, Sato, M, Abes, NS, Venturina, FA, Gutierrez, CA, Sano, T, Omata, Y, Cruz, LC, Onuma, M and Ohashi, K (2008) A survey of abortifacient infectious agents in livestock in Luzon, the Philippines, with emphasis on the situation in a cattle herd with abortion problems. Acta Tropica 105, 269–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konrad, JL, Campero, LM, Caspe, GS, Brihuega, B, Draghi, G, Moore, DP, Crudeli, GA, Venturini, MC and Campero, CM (2013) Detection of antibodies against Brucella abortus, Leptospira spp., and Apicomplexa protozoa in water buffaloes in the northeast of Argentina. Tropical Animal Health and Production 45, 1751–1756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krzysiak, MK, Jabłoński, A, Iwaniak, W, Krajewska, M, Kęsik-Maliszewska, J and Larska, M (2018) Seroprevalence and risk factors for selected respiratory and reproductive tract pathogen exposure in European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland. Veterinary Microbiology 215, 57–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuraa, HM and Malek, SS (2016) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in ruminants by using latex agglutination test (LAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Assiut governorate. Tropical Biomedicine 33, 711–725.Google Scholar
Lahmar, I, Lachkhem, A, Slama, D, Sakly, W, Haouas, N, Gorcii, M, Pfaff, AW, Candolfi, E and Babba, H (2015) Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep, goats and cattle in southern Tunisia. Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology 6, 1.Google Scholar
Lee, M-K, Park, J-S, Kim, M-H, Park, D-Y, Kim, C-H, Kim, G-H and Cho, J-H (2011) Seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle in northern area of Gyeongnam. Korean Journal of Veterinary Service 34, 245–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, K, Gao, J, Shahzad, M, Han, Z, Nabi, F, Liu, M, Zhang, D and Li, J (2014) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau of China. Veterinary Parasitology 205, 354–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, J, Cai, JZ, Zhang, W, Liu, Q, Chen, D, Han, JP and Liu, QR (2008) Seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China. Veterinary Parasitology 152, 330–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, Q, Cai, J, Zhao, Q, Shang, L, Ma, R, Wang, X, Li, J, Hu, G, Jin, H and Gao, H (2011) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwestern China. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, 741–743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, X, Liu, C, Liu, Y, Jin, H, Zhao, Y, Chen, J, Yang, M and Liu, Q (2012) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered pigs and cattle in Liaoning province, Northeastern China. Journal of Parasitology 98, 440–441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lopes, AP, Dubey, JP, Neto, F, Rodrigues, A, Martins, T, Rodrigues, M and Cardoso, L (2013) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from the north of Portugal for human consumption. Veterinary Parasitology 193, 266–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luciano, DM, Menezes, RC, Ferreira, LC, Nicolau, JL, das Neves, LB, Luciano, RM, Dahroug, MA and Amendoeira, MR (2011) Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle and pigs slaughtered, state of Rio de Janeiro. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria 20, 351–353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luo, H, Li, K, Zhang, H, Gan, P, Shahzad, M, Wu, X, Lan, Y and Wang, J (2017) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in zoo and domestic animals in Jiangxi province, China. Parasite 24, 7. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2017007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Magalhães, FJR, Ribeiro-Andrade, M, de Alcântara, AM, Júnior, JWP, de Sena, MJ, Porto, WJN, Vieira, RFC and Mota, RA (2016) Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and cattle from Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria 25, 511–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majeed, BA and Abbas, WH (2018) Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in meat and minced meat in Basra City. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 17, 491–505.Google Scholar
Makinde, AA and Ezeh, AO (1981) Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in Nigerian cattle: a preliminary report. The British Veterinary Journal 137, 485–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maronpot, RR and Botros, BA (1972) Toxoplasma serologic survey in man and domestic animals in Egypt. The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association 47, 58–67.Google ScholarPubMed
Matsuo, K and Husin, D (1996) A survey of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goats and cattle in Lampung province, Indonesia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 27, 554–555.Google ScholarPubMed
Matsuo, K, Kamai, R, Uetsu, H, Goto, H, Takashima, Y and Nagamune, K (2014) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, horses, pigs and chickens in Japan. Parasitology International 63, 638–639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McColm, AA, Hutchison, WM and Siim, JC (1981) The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in meat animals and cats in central Scotland. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 75, 157–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirdha, BR, Samantaray, JC and Pandey, A (1999) Seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic animals. Indian Journal of Public Health 43, 91–92.Google ScholarPubMed
Montoya, JG (2002) Laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 185, S73–S82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
More, G, Basso, W, Bacigalupe, D, Venturini, MC and Venturini, L (2008) Diagnosis of Sarcocystis cruzi, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii infections in cattle. Parasitology Research 102, 671–675.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moreno, T, Martinez-Gomez, F and Becerra, C (1991) The seroprevalence of bovine toxoplasmosis in Cordoba, Spain. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 85, 285–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munn, Z, Moola, S, Lisy, K and Riitano, D (2014) The Systematic Review of Prevalence and Incidence Data The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual 2014. Australia: The Joanna Briggs Institute.Google Scholar
Nagwa, I, Shaapan, RM, Hassan, SE and El Moghazy, FM (2013) High diagnostic efficiency of affinity isolated fraction in camel and cattle toxoplasmosis. World Journal of Medical Sciences 8, 61–66.Google Scholar
Nalbantoğlu, S, Vatansever, Z, Deniz, A, Babür, C, Çakmak, A, Karaer, KZ and Korudağ, E (2002) Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii by the Sabin–Feldman and indirect flourescent antibody tests in cattle in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 26, 825–828.Google Scholar
Navidpour, S and Hoghooghi-Rad, N (1998) Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in buffaloes in Khoozestan province, Iran. Veterinary Parasitology 77, 191–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ndou, RV, Maduna, NM, Dzoma, BM, Nyirenda, M, Motsei, LE and Bakunzi, FR (2013) A seroprevalence survey of Toxoplasma gondii amongst slaughter cattle in two high throughput abattoirs in the north west province of South Africa. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 11, 338–339.Google Scholar
Nematollahi, A and Moghddam, G (2008) Survey on seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle in Tabriz (Iran) by IFAT. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 3, 40–42.Google Scholar
Norton, JH, Tranter, WP and Campbell, RS (1989) A farming systems study of abortion in dairy cattle on the Atherton Tableland. 2. The pattern of infectious diseases. Australian Veterinary Journal 66, 163–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogawa, L, Freire, RL, Vidotto, O, Gondim, LFP and Navarro, IT (2005) Occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle from the northern region of the Paraná State, Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia 57, 312–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, J, Lee, SH, Lee, SJ, Kim, YH, Park, SC, Rhee, MH, Kwon, OD, Kim, TH and Kwak, D (2016) Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in cattle raised in Gyeongbuk province, Korea. Journal of Food Protection 79, 821–824.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Onyiche, TE and Ademola, IO (2015) Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle and pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 39, 309–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pagmadulam, B, Myagmarsuren, P, Fereig, RM, Igarashi, M, Yokoyama, N, Battsetseg, B and Nishikawa, Y (2018) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in cattle in Mongolia. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 14, 11–17.Google ScholarPubMed
Panadero, R, Painceira, A, Lopez, C, Vazquez, L, Paz, A, Diaz, P, Dacal, V, Cienfuegos, S, Fernandez, G, Lago, N, Diez-Banos, P and Morrondo, P (2010) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in wild and domestic ruminants sharing pastures in Galicia (Northwest Spain). Research in Veterinary Science 88, 111–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Persad, A, Charles, R and Adesiyun, AA (2011) Frequency of toxoplasmosis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Trinidad. Veterinary Medicine International 2011, 705358. doi: 10.4061/2011/705358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Portella, LP, Cadore, GC, de Lima, M, Sangioni, LA, Fischer, G and Vogel, FSF (2016) Antibodies against Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp. and Toxoplasma gondii detected in buffaloes from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 36, 947–950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qin, SY, Zhou, DH, Cong, W, Zhang, XX, Lou, ZL, Yin, MY, Tan, QD and Zhu, XQ (2015) Seroprevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range white yaks (Bos grunniens) in China. Veterinary Parasitology 211, 300–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qiu, JH, Wang, CR, Zhang, X, Sheng, ZH, Chang, QC, Zhao, Q, Wu, SM, Zou, FC and Zhu, XQ (2012) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in beef cattle and dairy cattle in northeast China. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 9, 579–582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raeghi, S, Akaber, A and Sedeghi, S (2011) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep, cattle and horses in Urmia north-west of Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 6, 90–94.Google ScholarPubMed
Rahman, WA, Manimegalai, V, Chandrawathani, P, Premaalatha, B and Zaini, CM (2011) Comparative seroprevalences of bovine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in five states in Malaysia. Global Veterinaria 6, 575–578.Google Scholar
Rahman, M, Azad, MT, Nahar, L, Rouf, SM, Ohya, K, Chiou, SP, Baba, M, Kitoh, K and Takashima, Y (2014) Age-specificity of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep, goats and cattle on subsistence farms in Bangladesh. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 76, 1257–1259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajamanickam, C, Cheah, T and Paramasvaran, S (1990) Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii from domestic animals in Malaysia. Tropical Animal Health and Production 22, 61–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Riemann, HP, Kaneko, JJ, Haghighi, S, Behymer, DE, Franti, CE and Ruppanner, R (1978) The prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii among hospitalized animals and stray dogs. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 42, 407–413.Google ScholarPubMed
Roqueplo, C, Halos, L, Cabre, O and Davoust, B (2011) Toxoplasma gondii in wild and domestic animals from New Caledonia. Parasite 18, 345–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sah, RP, Talukder, MH and Rahman, A (2018a) Serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis using lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay among animals and humans in Sunsari District of Nepal. World Scientific News 105, 145–156.Google Scholar
Sah, RP, Talukder, MH, Rahman, AKMA, Alam, MZ and Ward, MP (2018b) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in ruminants in selected districts in Bangladesh. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 11, 1–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Samad, MA, Rahman, KB and Halder, AK (1993) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic ruminants in Bangladesh. Veterinary Parasitology 47, 157–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santos, TR, Costa, AJ, Toniollo, GH, Luvizotto, MCR, Benetti, AH, Santos, RR, Matta, DH, Lopes, WDZ, Oliveira, JA and Oliveira, GP (2009) Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dairy cattle, dogs, and humans from the Jauru micro-region, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology 161, 324–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoonman, LB, Wilsmore, T and Swai, ES (2010) Sero-epidemiological investigation of bovine toxoplasmosis in traditional and smallholder cattle production systems of Tanga region, Tanzania. Tropical Animal Health and Production 42, 579–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sedlak, K and Bartova, E (2006) Seroprevalences of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals. Veterinary Parasitology 136, 223–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selvaraj, J, Murali Manohar, B, Singh, S and Balachandran, C (2007) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in buffaloes. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 21, 41–42.Google Scholar
Shaapan, RM, Hassanam, MA and Khahl, FAM (2010) Modified agglutination test for serologic survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats and water buffaloes in Egypt. Research Journal of Parasitology 5, 13–17.Google Scholar
Shabbir, MZ, Khalid, RK, Freitas, DM, Javed, MT, Rabbani, M, Yaqub, T, Ahmad, A, Shabbir, MA and Abbas, M (2012) Serological evidence of selected abortifacients in a dairy herd with history of abortion. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 33, 19–22.Google Scholar
Shadia Ahmed, ML (2018) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle, sheep and goats from river Nile state, Sudan. Multidisciplinary Advances in Veterinary Science 2, 332–337.Google Scholar
Shahiduzzaman, M, Islam, MR, Khatun, MM, Batanova, TA, Kitoh, K and Takashima, Y (2011) Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in domestic animals and humans in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 73, 1375–1376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shamseer, L, Moher, D, Clarke, M, Ghersi, D, Liberati, A, Petticrew, M, Shekelle, P and Stewart, LA (2015) Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ 349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharif, M, Gholami, S, Ziaei, H, Daryani, A, Laktarashi, B, Ziapour, SP, Rafiei, A and Vahedi, M (2007) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle, sheep and goats slaughtered for food in Mazandaran province, Iran, during 2005. Veterinary Journal 174, 422–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharma, S, Sandhu, KS, Bal, MS, Kumar, H, Verma, S and Dubey, JP (2008) Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in sheep, cattle, and buffaloes in Punjab, India. Journal of Parasitology 94, 1174–1175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharma, R, Parker, S, Al-Adhami, B, Bachand, N and Jenkins, E (2019) Comparison of tissues (heart vs brain) and serological tests (MAT, ELISA and IFAT) for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected wolverines (Gulo gulo) from the Yukon, Canada. Food and Waterborne Parasitology 15, e00046.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silva, SP, Mota, RA, Faria, EB, Fernandes, EF, Neto, OL, Albuquerque, PP and Dias, HL (2010) Occurrence of IgG antibodies anti-Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) raised in the Brazilian state of Pará. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 30, 443–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, H, Tewari, AK, Mishra, AK, Maharana, BR and Rao, JR (2013) A purified tachyzoite protein based ELISA for the sero-surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii specific antibodies in domestic ruminants. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 83, 20–23.Google Scholar
Singh, H, Tewari, AK, Mishra, AK, Maharana, B, Sudan, V, Raina, OK and Rao, JR (2015) Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in domesticated ruminants by recombinant truncated SAG2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tropical Animal Health and Production 47, 171–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Song, E-S, Jung, S-I, Park, B-K, You, M-J, Kim, D-H and Song, K-H (2011) Latex agglutination test based prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in native Korean cattle. Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 51, 59–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sroka, J (2001) Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in the Lublin region. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 8, 25–31.Google ScholarPubMed
Sroka, J, Zwolinski, J and Dutkiewicz, J (2007) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in farm and wild animals from the area of Lublin province. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 51, 535–540.Google Scholar
Sroka, J, Wojcik-Fatla, A, Szymanska, J, Dutkiewicz, J, Zajac, V and Zwolinski, J (2010) The occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people and animals from rural environment of Lublin Region – estimate of potential role of water as a source of infection. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 17, 125–132.Google Scholar
Sroka, J, Karamon, J, Cencek, T and Dutkiewicz, J (2011) Preliminary assessment of usefulness of cELISA test for screening pig and cattle populations for presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 18, 335–339.Google ScholarPubMed
Sudan, V, Tewari, AK and Singh, H (2015) Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in bovines from Kerala, India using a recombinant surface antigen 1 ELISA. Biologicals 43, 250–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sudan, V, Tewari, AK and Singh, H (2019) Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in Indian cattle by recombinant SAG2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acta Parasitologica 64, 148–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sun, WW, Meng, QF, Cong, W, Shan, XF, Wang, CF and Qian, AD (2015) Herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in commercial dairy and beef cattle in eastern, northern and northeastern China. Parasitology Research 114, 4211–4218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swai, ES and Schoonman, L (2012) A survey of zoonotic diseases in trade cattle slaughtered at Tanga city abattoir: a cause of public health concern. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2, 55–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, QD, Yang, XY, Yin, MY, Hu, LY, Qin, SY, Wang, JL, Zhou, DH and Zhu, XQ (2015) Seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle in northwest China. Acta Parasitologica 60, 618–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tasawar, Z, Shafiq, Z, Lashari, MH and Aziz, F (2013) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle, Punjab, Pakistan. Global Veterinaria 11, 681–684.Google Scholar
Tilahun, B, Tolossa, YH, Tilahun, G, Ashenafi, H and Shimelis, S (2018) Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among domestic ruminants in east Hararghe zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine International 2018, 4263470. doi: 10.1155/2018/4263470CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tizard, IR, Harmeson, J and Lai, CH (1978) The prevalence of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Ontario mammals. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 42, 177–183.Google ScholarPubMed
Tutuncu, M, Ayaz, E, Yaman, M and Akkan, HA (2003) The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep, goats and cattle detected by indirect haemaglutination (IHA) test in the region of Van, Turkey. Indian Veterinary Journal 80, 401–403.Google Scholar
Udonsom, R, Sukthana, Y, Nishikawa, Y, Fereig, RM and Jirapattharasate, C (2018) Current situation of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection among beef cattle in Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi and Nakhon Patom provinces, Thailand. Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 48, 403–409.Google Scholar
van Knapen, F, Franchimont, JH and van der Lugt, G (1982) Prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma in farm animals in the Netherlands and its implication for meat inspection. The Veterinary Quarterly 4, 101–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Knapen, F, Kremers, AF, Franchimont, JH and Narucka, U (1995) Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and swine in The Netherlands: towards an integrated control of livestock production. The Veterinary Quarterly 17, 87–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, M, Wang, Y-H, Ye, Q, Meng, P, Yin, H and Zhang, D-L (2012) Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in Tibetan mastiffs (Canis lupus familiaris) and yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China. Parasites & Vectors 5, 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiengcharoen, J, Nakthong, C, Mitchaothai, J, Udonsom, R and Sukthana, Y (2012) Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis among beef cattle slaughtered for food in western Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 43, 1087–1093.Google ScholarPubMed
Work, K (1967) Isolation of Toxoplasma Gondii from the flesh of sheep, swine and cattle. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 71, 296–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, MJ, Liu, QY, Fu, JH, Nisbet, AJ, Shi, DS, He, XH, Pan, Y, Zhou, DH, Song, HQ and Zhu, XQ (2012) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dairy cows in subtropical southern China. Parasitology 139, 1425–1428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yagci Yucel, S, Yaman, M, Kurt, C, Babur, C, Celebi, B, Kilic, S and Ozen, D (2014) Seroprevalence of brucellosis, listeriosis and toxoplasmosis in cattle in Adana province of Turkey. Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 38, 91–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, J, Song, L, Zhang, M, Song, X-J, Ma, X-P, Ma, L-Y and Li, L (2012) Toxoplasma infection Status of rural residents and animals in Hongsipu district of Ningxia. Journal of Ningxia Medical University 1, 015.Google Scholar
Yildiz, K, Kul, O, Babur, C, Kilic, S, Gazyagci, AN, Celebi, B and Gurcan, IS (2009) Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle ranches with high abortion rate: special emphasis to serologic co-existence with Toxoplasma gondii, Brucella abortus and Listeria monocytogenes. Veterinary Parasitology 164, 306–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, J, Xia, Z, Liu, Q, Liu, J, Ding, J and Zhang, W (2007) Seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the People's Republic of China. Veterinary Parasitology 143, 79–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zain Eldin, EA, Elkhawad, SE and Kheir, HS (1985) A serological survey for toxoplasma antibodies in cattle, sheep, goats and camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Sudan. Revue d'elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux 38, 247–249.Google ScholarPubMed
Zaki, M (1995) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic animals in Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 45, 4–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Zhou, DH, Zhao, FR, Lu, P, Xia, HY, Xu, MJ, Yuan, LG, Yan, C, Huang, SY, Li, SJ and Zhu, XQ (2012) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle in southern China. Parasites and Vectors 5, 1–4. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-48CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhou, M, Cao, S, Sevinc, F, Sevinc, M, Ceylan, O, Liu, M, Wang, G, Moumouni, PF, Jirapattharasate, C, Suzuki, H, Nishikawa, Y and Xuan, X (2016) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant TgSAG2 and NcSAG1 to detect Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in domestic animals in Turkey. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 78, 1877–1881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zou, F, Yu, X, Yang, Y, Hu, S, Chang, H, Yang, J and Duan, G (2015) Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in buffaloes, sheep and goats in Yunnan province, southwestern China. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 10, 648–651.Google ScholarPubMed