Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:48:27.046Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fossil evidence of phorid parasitism (Diptera: Phoridae) by allantonematid nematodes (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2003

G. POINAR
G. POINAR
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Howardula helenoschini sp. n. (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) is described from 40 million year-old Baltic amber. The nematodes are parasitic in the body cavity of an adult fly of the genus Triphleba (Phoridae: Diptera). Characteristics of the fossil species are the large size of the pre-adult juveniles and a small number of progeny compared with extant Howardula parasites of flies. Reasons are given why these features suggest that this species was at an early stage of adapting, evolutionarily, to its insect host.

Keywords

fossil nematodesscuttle fly parasitesBaltic amber
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 127 , Issue 6 , December 2003 , pp. 589 - 592
Copyright
2003 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

BRUES, C. F. ( 1939). Fossil Phoridae in Baltic amber. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 85, 411–436.Google Scholar
DISNEY, R. H. L. ( 1994). Scuttle Flies: The Phoridae. Chapman and Hall, London.CrossRef
EVENHUIS, N. L. ( 1994). Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
POINAR, G. O., Jr. ( 1975). Entomogenous Nematodes. Brill, Leiden.
POINAR, G. O., Jr. ( 1977). CIH key to the Groups and Genera of Nematode Parasites of Invertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
POINAR, G. O., Jr. ( 1983). The Natural History of Nematodes. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
POINAR, G. O., Jr. ( 1984). First fossil record of parasitism by insect parasitic Tylenchida (Allantonematidae: Nematoda). Journal of Parasitology 70, 306–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
POINAR, G. O., Jr. ( 1992). Life in Amber. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
POINAR, G. O., Jr. ( 2001). Heydenius brownii sp. n. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitising a planthopper (Homoptera: Achilidae) in Baltic amber. Nematology 3, 753–757.Google Scholar
POINAR, G. O., Jr. & BRODZINSKY, J. ( 1986). Fossil evidence of nematode (Tylenchida) parasitism in Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). Nematologica 32, 353–355.Google Scholar
POINAR, G. O., Jr., JAENIKE, J. & SHOEMAKER, D. D. ( 1998). Howardula neocosmis sp. n. parasitizing North America Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with a list of the species of Howardula Cobb, 1921 (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae). Fundamental and Applied Nematology 21, 547–552.Google Scholar
RICHARDSON, P. N., HESLING, J. J. & RIDING, I. L. ( 1977). Life cycle and description of Howardula husseyi n. sp. (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), a nematode parasite of the mushroom phorid Megaselia halterata (Diptera: Phoridae). Nematologica 23, 217–231.Google Scholar
RIDING, I. L. & HAGUE, N. G. ( 1974). Some observations on a tylenchid nematode Howardula sp. parasitizing the mushroom phorid Megaselia halterata (Phoridae, Diptera). Annals of Applied Biology 78, 205–211.Google Scholar
STONE, A., SABROSKY, C. W., WIRTH, W. W., FOOTE, R. H. & COULSON, J. R. ( 1983). A Catalogue of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.