Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T14:05:36.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Eye fluke-induced cataract formation in fish: quantitative analysis using an ophthalmological microscope

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2004

A. KARVONEN ,
O. SEPPÄLÄ  and
E. T. VALTONEN
A. KARVONEN
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
O. SEPPÄLÄ
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
E. T. VALTONEN
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We examined the parasite-induced cataract formation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using slit-lamp microscopy to determine the relationship between cataract intensity and number of Diplostomum spathaceum parasites that were established in the lens. Cataract intensity increased significantly with parasite burden, but was also affected by the pattern of exposure to the parasite cercariae. The slit-lamp methodology proved useful in scoring the cataracts since it provides a 3-dimensional view into the lens and gives an actual picture of the location and intensity of the cataracts, which allows detailed investigations of mechanisms underlying cataract formation in various fish species. Potential applications of the method in fish farming and parasitological studies are discussed.

Keywords

Parasite-induced cataractslit-lamp microscopyDiplostomum spathaceumTrematodaOncorhynchus mykissfish farming
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 129 , Issue 4 , October 2004 , pp. 473 - 478
Copyright
2004 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

BAUER, O. N. (1961). Parasitic diseases of cultured fishes and methods of their prevention and treatment. In Parasitology of Fishes (ed. Dogiel, V. A., Petrushevski, G. K. & Polyanski, Yu. I.), pp. 265–298. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.
BETTERTON, C. (1974). Studies on the host specificity of the eyefluke, Diplostomum spathaceum, in brown trout and rainbow trout. Parasitology 69, 11–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BJERKÅS, E., WAAGBØ, R., SVEIER, H., BRECK, O., BJERKÅS, I., BJØRNESTAD, E. & MAAGE, A. (1996). Cataract development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in fresh water. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 37, 351–360.Google Scholar
BRASSARD, P., RAU, M. E. & CURTIS, M. A. (1982). Infection dynamics of Diplostomum spathaceum cercariae and parasite-induced mortality of fish host. Parasitology 85, 489–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BUCHMANN, K. & ULDAL, A. (1994). Effects of eyefluke infections on the growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a mariculture system. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 14, 104–107.Google Scholar
CHAPPELL, L. H., HARDIE, L. J. & SECOMBES, C. J. (1994). Diplostomiasis: the disease and host–parasite interactions. In Parasitic Diseases of Fish (ed. Pike, A. W. & Lewis, J. W.), pp. 59–86. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed.
CROWDEN, A. E. & BROOM, D. M. (1980). Effects of the eyefluke, Diplostomum spathaceum, on the behaviour of dace (Leuciscus leuciscus). Animal Behaviour 28, 287–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FERGUSON, M. S. & HAYFORD, R. A. (1941). The life history and control of an eye fluke. Progressive Fish Culturist 54, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FIELD, J. S. & IRWIN, S. W. B. (1994). The epidemiology, treatment and control of diplostomiasis on a fish farm in Northern Ireland. In Parasitic Diseases of Fish (ed. Pike, A. W. & Lewis, J. W.), pp. 87–100. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed.
HAKALAHTI, T. & VALTONEN, E. T. (2003). Population structure and recruitment of the ectoparasite Argulus coregoni Thorell (Crustacea: Branchiura) on a fish farm. Parasitology 127, 79–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KARVONEN, A., PAUKKU, S., VALTONEN, E. T. & HUDSON, P. J. (2003). Transmission, infectivity and survival of Diplostomum spathaceum cercariae. Parasitology 127, 217–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KARVONEN, A., HUDSON, P. J., SEPPÄLÄ, O. & VALTONEN, E. T. (2004 a). Transmission dynamics of a trematode parasite: exposure, acquired resistance and parasite aggregation. Parasitology Research 92, 183–188.Google Scholar
KARVONEN, A., SEPPÄLÄ, O. & VALTONEN, E. T. (2004 b). Parasite resistance and avoidance behaviour in preventing eye fluke infections in fish. Parasitology 129, 159–164.Google Scholar
LAFFERTY, K. D. & MORRIS, A. K. (1996). Altered behavior of parasitized killifish increases susceptibility to predation by bird final hosts. Ecology 77, 1390–1397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MARCOGLIESE, D. J., DUMONT, P., GENDRON, A. D., MAILHOT, Y., BERGERON, E. & McLAUGHLIN, J. D. (2001). Spatial and temporal variation in abundance of Diplostomum spp. in walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) from the St. Lawrence River. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, 355–369.Google Scholar
NIEWIADOMSKA, K. (1986). Verification of the life-cycles of Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) and D. pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 (Trematoda, Diplostomidae). Systematic Parasitology 8, 23–31.Google Scholar
OWEN, S. F., BARBER, I. & HART, P. J. B. (1993). Low level infection by eye fluke, Diplostomum spp., affects the vision of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology 42, 803–806.Google Scholar
RINTAMÄKI-KINNUNEN, P. & VALTONEN, E. T. (1996). Gyrodactylus salaris at fish farms in northern Finland over a period of ten years. International Journal for Parasitology 26, 723–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RINTAMÄKI-KINNUNEN, P. & VALTONEN, E. T. (1997). Epizootiology of protozoans in farmed salmonids at northern latitudes. International Journal for Parasitology 27, 89–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SCHLOTFELDT, H. J. & WEGENER, A. (2000). Clinical screening for cataracts in rainbow trout and non-salmonid fish in traditional fresh water pond farming. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 20, 252–255.Google Scholar
SEPPÄLÄ, O., KARVONEN, A. & VALTONEN, E. T. (2004). Parasite-induced change in host behaviour and susceptibility to predation in an eye fluke – fish interaction. Animal Behaviour (in the Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SHARIFF, M., RICHARDS, R. H. & SOMMERVILLE, C. (1980). The histopathology of acute and chronic infections of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson with eye flukes, Diplostomum spp. Journal of Fish Diseases 3, 455–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SPEED, P. & PAULEY, G. B. (1984). The susceptibility of four salmonid species to the eyefluke, Diplostomum spathaceum. Northwest Science 58, 312–316.Google Scholar
STABLES, J. N. & CHAPPELL, L. H. (1986). The epidemiology of diplostomiasis in farmed rainbow trout from north-east Scotland. Parasitology 92, 699–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SWEETING, R. A. (1974). Investigations into natural and experimental infections of freshwater fish by the common eye-fluke Diplostomum spathaceum Rud. Parasitology 69, 291–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VALTONEN, E. T. & GIBSON, D. I. (1997). Aspects of the biology of diplostomid metacercarial (Digenea) populations occurring in fishes in different localities in northern Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 34, 47–59.Google Scholar
VALTONEN, E. T., HOLMES, J. C. & KOSKIVAARA, M. (1997). Eutrophication, pollution, and fragmentation: effects on the parasite communities in roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) in four lakes in central Finland. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, 572–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WALL, T. & BJERKÅS, E. (1999). A simplified method of scoring cataracts in fish. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 19, 162–165.Google Scholar