Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:16:14.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The dynamics of trickle infections with Ancylostoma ceylanicum in inbred hamsters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

T. J. Brailsford  and
J. M. Behnke
T. J. Brailsford
Affiliation:
MRC Experimental Parasitology Research Group, Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
J. M. Behnke
Affiliation:
MRC Experimental Parasitology Research Group, Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Trickle infections with a hamster-adapted strain of the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum were studied by administering doses of 5–30 larvae twice weekly to inbred DSN hamsters. The worm burdens were regulated at very low levels, and this was found to be independent of the size of the infective dose. It is likely that there is some turnover of adult worms during trickle infection, as larvae of all stages were recovered from most time-points. This regulation is immunologically mediated and both the worm burdens and fecundity were increased in hamsters that were immunosuppressed by cortisone treatment. A trickle infection regime also induced a 67% protective immunity to a single subsequent challenge. The resistance that occurred during trickle infections was, however, incomplete, and some worms were found to survive in hamsters that had been repeatedly infected for over 10 weeks. Thus, although hamsters are capable of regulating the infection, some worms are capable of surviving the host immune effectors.

Keywords

Ancylostoma ceylanicumhookwormNematodaintestinal nematodestrickle infectionrepeated infectionimmunity
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 105 , Issue 2 , October 1992 , pp. 247 - 253
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, R. M. & Schad, G. A. (1985). Hookworm burdens and faecal egg counts: an analysis of the biological basis of variation. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79, 812–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Areekul, S., Rodomyos, P. & Viravan, C. (1970). Experimental infection of Ancylostoma ceylanicum in man. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 53, 190–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Banwell, J. G. & Schad, G. A. (1978). Hookworm. Clinical Gastroenterology 7, 129–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barger, I. A., Lejambre, L., Georgi, J. R. & Davies, H. I. (1985). Regulation of Haemonchus contortus populations in sheep exposed to continuous infection. International Journal for Parasitology 15, 529–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behnke, J. M. (1987). Do hookworms elicit protective immunity in Man? Parasitology Today 3, 200–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behnke, J. M. & Wakelin, D. (1973). The survival of Trichuris muris in wild populations of its natural host. Parasitology 67, 157–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brailsford, T. J. & Behnke, J. M. (1992). The dynamics of trickle infections with Heligmosomoides polygyrus in syngeneic strains of mice. International Journal for Parasitology (in the Press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, S. M. & Grove, D. I. (1985 a). Ancylostoma ceylanicum: immunization with soluble worm extract and responses to challenge infection of dogs. Experimental Parasitology 60, 263–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, S. M. & Grove, D. I. (1985 b). Resistance of dogs to reinfection with Ancylostoma ceylanicum following anthelmintic therapy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79, 519–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christie, M. G., Brambell, M. R. & Charleston, W. A. G. (1964). Worm populations in young sheep dosed daily with 10000 larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Comparative Pathology 74, 435–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crombie, J. A. & Anderson, R. M. (1985). Population dynamics of Schistosoma mansoni in mice repeatedly exposed to infection. Nature, London 315, 491–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donald, A. D. & Waller, P. J. (1982). Problems and prospects in the control of helminthiasis in sheep. In Biology and Control of Endoparasites (ed. Symons, L. E. A., Donald, A. D. & Dineen, J. K.), pp. 157–86. Sydney: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Garside, P. & Behnke, J. M. (1989). Ancylostoma ceylanicum in the hamster: observations on the host-parasite relationship during primary infection. Parasitology 98, 283–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garside, P., Behnke, J. M. & Rose, R. A. (1989). The immune response of male DSN hamsters to a primary infection with Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Journal of Helminthology 63, 251–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilles, H. M. (1985). Selective primary health care: Strategies for control of disease in the developing world. XVII. Hookworm infection and anaemia. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 4, 822.Google Scholar
Gupta, S. & Kattiyar, J. C. (1985). Immunological responses of hamsters to Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection. Helminthologia 22, 181–94.Google Scholar
Jackson, F. (1974). New technique for obtaining nematode ova from sheep faeces. Laboratory Practice 23, 65–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Jackson, F., Angus, K. W. & Coop, R. L. (1983). Development of morphological changes in the small intestine of lambs continuously infected with Trichostrongylus vitrinus. Research in Veterinary Science 34, 301–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, D. C. & Phillipson, R. F. (1970). The kinetics of repeated low level infections of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the laboratory rat. Parasitology 62, 457–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, D. C. & Phillipson, R. F. (1972). Increased establishment and longevity of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in immune rats given repeated small infections. International Journal for Parasitology 2, 105–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maema, M. (1986). Dynamics of repeated infection of high and low responder inbred mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College, London.Google Scholar
McCoy, O. R. (1931). Immunity reactions of the dog against hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) under conditions of repeated infection. American Journal of Hygiene 14, 268–303.Google Scholar
Meddis, R. (1984). Statistics Using Ranks, a Unified Approach. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Menon, S. & Bhopale, M. K. (1985). Efficacy of UV-irradiated larval vaccine of Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Looss, 1911) in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Journal of Helminthology 59, 287–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michel, J. F. (1969). Some observations on the worm burdens of calves infected daily with Ostertagia ostertagi. Parasitology 59, 575–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michel, J. F. (1970). The regulation of populations of Ostertagia ostertagi in calves. Parasitology 61, 435–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ray, D. K., Bhopale, K. K. & Shrivastava, V. B. (1972). Complete development of Ancylostoma ceylanicum in golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus. Experimentia 28, 359–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seaton, D. S., Jackson, F., Smith, W. D. & Angus, K. W. (1989 a). Development of immunity to incoming radiolabelled larvae in lambs continuously infected with Trichostrongylus vitrinus. Research in Veterinary Science 46, 22–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seaton, D. S., Jackson, F., Smith, W. D. & Angus, K. W. (1989 b). Development of immunity to incoming radiolabelled larvae in lambs continuously infected with Ostertagia circumcincta. Research in Veterinary Science 46, 241–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slater, A. F. G. & Keymer, A. E. (1986). Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda): the influence of dietary protein on the dynamics of repeated infection. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 229, 69–83.Google ScholarPubMed
Wakelin, D. (1973). The stimulation of immunity to Trichuris muris in mice exposed to low-level infections. Parasitology 66, 181–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waller, P. J. & Thomas, R. J. (1978). Nematode parasitism in sheep in North East England. The epidemiology of Ostertagia species. International Journal for Parasitology 8, 275–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoshida, Y., Okamoto, K. & Chiu, J. K. (1968). Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection in dogs, cats and man in Taiwan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine 1, 378–81.Google Scholar