Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T22:49:47.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Combating Lousiness among Soldiers and Civilians

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

George H. F. Nuttall
Affiliation:
(From the Quick Laboratory, University of Cambridge.)

Extract

“Man, the chief lord of other animals, is, notwithstanding his power, the food and ordinary abode of this vermin, who riots in his blood, and sometimes colonizes his body with innumerable and detestable offspring. When such a mean, disgustful insect as this, can raise legions sufficient to render thee loathsome, and even to destroy thee, O man! where is thy boasted greatness?” Barbut (1781, p. 328).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1918

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PEDICULUS AND PHTHIRUS

Bacot, A. (4. 08. 1917), A simple means of ascertaining if a sterilizing hut is hot enough to destroy lice and nits in clothing or blankets. Brit. Med. Journ. ii. 151. K.Google Scholar
Bacot, A. and Lloyd, L. (27. 04. 1918), Destruction of nits of the clothes louse by solutions of cresol-soap emulsion and lysol. Brit. Med. Journ. i. 479480. K.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baerthlein, (1916), Der Vondran'sche Heissluftapparat und seine Wirkungsweise gegenüber Läusen, Nissen und bakteriellen Keimen. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. Orig. lxxviii. 527. (Cited by Miessner and Lange, 1917, p. 333.) K.Google Scholar
Bapty, W. (17. 11. 1917), Treatment of Pediculosis pubis. Brit. Med. Journ. ii. 676. Ph.Google Scholar
Barbut, J. (1781), Les genres des insectes de Linné; constatés par divers échantillons d'insectes d'Angleterre copiés d'après nature. London. 371 pp. + Index, 22 pls. (Pp. 327–329, pl. xviii. Pediculus, poor.) G.I..Google Scholar
Baumgarten, A. (27. 03. 1917), Ueber ein neues Entseuchungs- und Entlausungs-verfahren. München. med. Wochenschr. lxiv. 434–5. Abstr. Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. vi. 55. (Merely naphthaline vapour.) K.Google Scholar
Boorde, A. (? 1552), The Breviarie of Health, 2 Parts. 4°, 19 cm. London: W. Powell. (Republished in 1557, 1587 and 1598.) D.Google Scholar
Boudou, (18931894), De la mélanodermie phtiriasique. Thesis: Bordeaux. (Cited by Dubreuilh and Beille, q.v.) D.Google Scholar
Brumpt, E. (13. 03. 1918), Au sujet d'un parasite (Rickettsia prowazeki) des poux de l'homme considéré, à tort comnie l'agent causal du typhus exanthématique. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. xi. 249258. D.Google Scholar
Buchanan, G. S. (1917), Epidemics of the Eastern Campaigns. Proc. Royal Soc. Med. xi. 130. (Pp. 1922, lice and disease.) D.K.Google Scholar
Burdin, (18921893), Phthiriase des paupières. Thesis: Bordeaux. (Cited by Dubreuilh and Beille, q.v.) Ph.B.D.Google Scholar
Corsini, A. (30. 06. 1917), I corredini antipediculari. Ann. d' Igiene, Rome, xxvii. 364372, 3 figs. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. v. 144. K.Google Scholar
Cox, F. E. (1917), A review of recent literature on typhus fever and acute anterior poliomyelitis. Commonwealth of Australia Quarantine Service, Service, Publication No. 13, 79 pp. [Contains a short account of the biology of corporis.] D.B.Google Scholar
Cumming, J. D. (04. 1917), A résumé of the typhus situation in Mexico. Mthly. Bull. California State Bd. Health, Sacramento, xii. 213217. Abstr. in Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. v. 91. D.Google Scholar
Cumming, J. G. and Senftner, H. F. (07. 1917), The prevention of endemic typhus in California. Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc. lxix. 98102, with map and chart. [Louse eradication applied to 2,355 Mexican immigrants, 35 per cent, harbouring corporis and 60 per cent, harbouring capitis in Oct. 1916; these parasites reduced to 0 and 1 per cent, respectively by March, 1917, a fall in typhus incidence to 0 likewise followed.] D.K.Google Scholar
Darier, J. (02. 1918). [Discussion on Scabies and Pediculosis.] The Medical Bulletin (American Red Cross Soc., Paris), i. 223224. K.Google Scholar
Debreuil, G. (08. 1917), Les poux et le chemineau. Bull. Soc. Nat. Acclimat. Paris, lxiv. 318322. [Account of a tramp who rid his clothes of lice by placing them on and about a large nest of ants (Formica fusca) in a wood in France. See abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. v. 175. I have referred to ants as louse eradicators on p. 184, q.v.] E.Google Scholar
Dubreuilh, W. and Beille, L. (1895), Parasites animaux de la peau humaine. Paris: Masson et Cie. 185 pp., 22 text-figs. [Date taken from Huber's Bibl. klin. Ent. 1899, p. 15; original undated. Pediculidae, pp. 107–140, figs. 13–16 (poor). Contains one of the best general accounts published especially with regard to the effects of lice.] G.Google Scholar
Emrys-RobertS, E. (4. 05. 1918), A wax thermometer primarily designed for use in hot-air sterilizing chambers. Brit. Med. Journ i. 509, 1 text-fig. K.Google Scholar
Fabre, P. (1872), Des mélanodermies et en particulier des mélanodermies parasitaires. Thesis: Paris. [Cited by Dubreuilh and Beille, a study of melanodermia due to corporis.] D.Google Scholar
Fahrenholz, H. (1910), Diagnosen neuer Anopluren. Zool. Anz. Leipzig, xxxv. 714715. S.Google Scholar
Fahrenholz, H. (1913), Ectoparasiten und Abstammungslehre. Zool. Anz. Leipzig, xli. 371374. S.Google Scholar
Felt, E. P. (1. 02. 1917), Household and Camp Pests. New York State Museum Bull. No. 194, pp. 584, 41 figs. [Pediculi, pp. 4048, not figured. Good short account compiled from recent literature.] B.K.Google Scholar
Ferris, G. F. (1916), A catalogue and host list of the Anoplura. Proc. California. Acad. Sci. 4 s., vi. 129213. S.Google Scholar
Fonyó, J. (10. 1916), Zur Epidemiologie und Prophylaxe des Fleckfiebers. Wien. klin. Wehschr. xxix. 42–3. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. v. 144. [Chiefly a review.] Epid.K.Google Scholar
Foulerton, A. G. R. (08. 1917), On typhus fever. Journ. Roy. Army Med. Corps, London, xxix. 224–8. [Brief survey of the subject. More fully treated by me pp. 44–57.] D.Google Scholar
Furno, A. (31. 03. 1917), La lotta contro la pediculosi fra le truppe in guerra. Ann. d' Igiene, Rome, xxvii. 141157. Abstr. in Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. v. 91. K.Google Scholar
Greenhow, E. W. (1864), Discoloration of skin, simulating the “bronzed skin” of morbus Addisonii. Trans. Pathol. Soc. London, xv. 226228. D.Google Scholar
Greenhow, E. W. (1876), A case of vagabond's discoloration simulating the bronzed skin of Addison's disease. Trans. Clin. Soc. London, ix. 4447. D.Google Scholar
Grindon, J. (1893), The migration of pediculi. Med. Fortnightly; also Ann. de Dermatol. p. 997. [Cited by Dubreuilh and Beille, q.v. p. 180.] B.Google Scholar
Guyard, (18931894), Étude de la phthiriase palpébrale. Thesis: Paris. [Cited by Dubreuilh and Beille, q.v.] Ph.B.D.Google Scholar
Handlirsch, A. (19061908), Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch für Paläontologen und Zoologen. Leipzig: Engelmann. vi+1430+40 pp., 51 pls. etc. S.Google Scholar
Hase, A. (1916 a), Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Frage der Laüsebekampfung. Zeitschr. f. Hyg. u. Infektionskr. lxxxi. 319. Abstr. in Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. i. Abt. Ref. lxvi. 344. Abstr. of last in Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. vi. 59. [Original inaccessible.] K.Google Scholar
Hearne, S. (1795), A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, etc., undertaken in the years 1769–1772. 31 × 25 cm. London. Geo.K.Google Scholar
Hewlett, F. M. (29. 11. 1917), Notes on head- and body-lice and upon temperature reactions of lice and mosquitoes. Parasitology, x. 186188. B.Google Scholar
Jacobs, (02. 1918), Delousing by Dry Heat Treatment. The Medical Bulletin (American Red Cross Soc. in France, Paris), i. 234239, 1 fig. K.Google Scholar
Jullien, (10. 12. 1891), De la phthiriase des paupières. Soc. de Dermatol. [Cited thus by Dubreuilh and Beille, q.v.] Ph.Google Scholar
Jungmann, P. and Kuczynski, M. H. (22. 03. 1917), Zur Klinik und Aetiologie der Febris wolhynica (His-Wernersche Krankheit). Deutsche med. Wochenschr. xliii. 359362, 6 figs. Abstr. Rev. Appl. Ent. v. 131. [Volhynian fever = typhus. Confirm Töpfer's observations and examined lice microscopically.] D.Google Scholar
Koch, J. (23. 08. 1917), Zur Uebertragung des Erregers des europäischen Rückfallfiebers (Febris recurrens) durch die Kleiderlaus. Deutsche med. Wochenschr. xliii. 1066–9, 6 figs. Abstr. in Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. vi. 59. [Nothing new judging from review.] D.Google Scholar
Krancher, O. (14. 06. 1881), Der Bau der Stigmen bei den Insekten. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. xxxv. 505574, Pls. XXVIII., XXIX. [pp. 520524, P. capitis, Haematopinus suis, Ph. pubis; Pl. XXVII. fig. 2 (H. suis), fig. 3 (Ph. pubis).] A.Google Scholar
Leeuwenhoek, A. (Letter of 28. IV. 1673). [Regarding Mouthparts of Pediculus.] Philos. Trans. viii. 6038. A.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1761), Fauna Suecica sistens animalia Suecicae regni, etc. Editio altera, auctior. Stockholmiae. [p. 475, Pediculus.] S.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1767), Systema Naturae. Edit. XII. Reformata. Holmiae. I. Pars II. [Pediculus, pp. 10161017.] S.K.Google Scholar
Lydston, F. (1892), Pediculus capitis as a cause of pruritus vulvae. Journ. Cut. Qen.-Ur. Dis. p. 399. [This author is referred to by me on p. 94 as cited by Brumpt. The reference is given by Dubreuilh and Beille.] B.D.Google Scholar
McCulloch, C. C. (07. 1917), Sanitation in the trenches. Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc. lxix. 81–7; 183–5. [Very brief account of methods of destroying lice compiled from British sources.] K.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacGregor, M. E. (09. 1917), A Summary of our knowledge of Insect Vectors. Journ. Trop. Med. and Hyg. xx. 205209; also (xii. 1917) Bull. Med. Res. viii. 155–163. [Brief summary, contains errors and no references permitting some startling statements to be verified. Nothing original.] O.Google Scholar
Miessner, H. and Lange, W. (13. 09. 1917), Desinfektion mit heisser Pressluft in dem Vondran'schen Apparat. Arch. f. wiss. u. prakt. Tierheilk., Berlin, xliii. 329365, 5 figs. K.Google Scholar
Moffett, T. (1634 posthum., scrips. 1590), Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum: Olim ab Edoardo Wottono, Conrado Gesnero, Thomaque Pennio inchoatum; Tandem Tho. Motifeti Londinâtis operâ sumptibusq´; maximis eoncinnatum auctum, perfectum: Et ad vivum expressis Iconi-bus suprà quingentis illustratum. Londini: Thom. Cotes. 30 × 19 cm. 9 + 326 pp. with 4 pp. of figs. [pp. 259–260, de pediculis hominum, figure; pp. 262–5, curatio phthiriasis generalis; p. 318, de lendibus.] G.K.Google Scholar
Moffett, T. (1658), The theatre of insects: or, lesser living creatures, etc. 9 + 8891130 pp. with 3 last of figs. Appended The History of Four-footed Beasts and Serpents. Ed. Topsell, . London. [Transl. by J. R. of Moffett, 1634, q.v. pp. 1090–4, 1123.] G.K.Google Scholar
Moor, C. G. and Cooper, E. A. (1918). Field Sanitation, 220 pp. illustrated. London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox. [Brief account of lice pp. 53–56.] O.Google Scholar
Mueler, (02. 1918). (Atomizer for De-lousing.) The Medical Bulletin (American Red Cross Soc., Paris), i. 239, 1 fig. [Contains 2 oz. of spraying fluid. No evidence that it will prove of use in the army.] K.Google Scholar
Nicoll, W. (12. 1917), The conditions of life in Tropical Australia. Journ. Hygiene, xvi. 269290. [p. 280, Phthirus and Pediculus mentioned as occurring there.] Geo.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nuttall, G. H. F. (19. 11. 1917), Bibliography of Pediculus and Phthirus. Parasitology, x. 142. Bibl.Google Scholar
Nuttall, G. H. F.The part played by Pediculus humanus in the causation of disease. Parasitology 4379, 1 pl. D.Google Scholar
Nuttall, G. H. F.The biology of Pediculus humanus. Parasitology 80185, 2 pls. and 12 text-figs. B.Google Scholar
Nuttall, G. H. F. (29. 04. 1918), The pathological effects of Phthirus pubis. Parasitology 375382. D.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nuttall, G. H. F.The biology of Phthirus pubis. Parasitology 383405, 9 text-figs. B.Google Scholar
Peacock, A. D. (1916), The Louse Problem at the Western Front. 29 pp., 10 figs. London: Printed for H. M. Stat. Office by Harrison and Sons. (19 × 13 cm.) [Reprint of Peacock, vii. 1916, q.v.]Google Scholar
Picard, C. (1838), Note sur la cachexie pédiculaire et son traitement. Bull. gén. de thérap. xiv. 177. [Cited by Dubreuilh and Beille, q.v.] D.K.Google Scholar
Pierce, C. C. (23. 03. 1917), Combating typhus fever on the Mexican border. U. S. Publ. Health Repts., Washington, xxxii. 426–9, 4 figs. K.Google Scholar
Pizzini, L. (1. 05. 1917), I pidocchi nella epidemiologia della meningite cerebrospinale epidemica. Policlinico, Rome, xxiv. 212218. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. v. 152. [Regards lice as vectors. More evidence required.] D.Google Scholar
Ray, J. (1710), Historia Insectorum. Opus posthumum Jussu Regiae Societatis Londinensis Editum. Londini: A. & J. Churchill, xv+400 pp. [p. 8, Pediculus ferus, “nos Angli Crab-louse dicimus”; brief description, refers to “Pediculus vulgaris.”] H.Google Scholar
Rocha-Lima, H. da (30. 10. 1917), Klinik und Aetiologie der sogen. “Wolhynischen Fiebers,” etc. München. med. Wochenschr. lxiv. 1422–6, 3 figs. Abstr. Rev. Appl. Ent. ser. B. vi. 58. [Reiterates his statements that Rickettsia prowazeki is the cause of typhus; it is an intracellular parasite of the louse, whereas “R. pediculi” lies on the epithelial cells and in the lumen of the insect's midgut as seen in sections but not in smears.] D.Google Scholar
Sharp, D. (1899), Insects, Part II. Cambridge Nat. Hist. London: Macmillan. [pp. 599601, Anoplura, Pediculidae, or lice. A brief account with 2 figs, from Piaget and Graber.] G.Google Scholar
Sikora, H. (05. 1917), Ueber Anpassung der Läuse an ihre Umgebung. Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropen-Hyg. xxi. 172–3. [Lice kept in the light and dark on white, gray and black backgrounds became correspondingly pigmented, irrespective of light. Hermaphroditism (?) observed. Preliminary note.] B.Google Scholar
Silvestri, F. (1911), Dispense di Entomologia Agraria secondo le lezioni del Prof. F. Silvestri, raccolte dal Dott. Guido Grandi. Portici: Stab. Tipografico Vesuviano. Parte speciale, 575 pp., 474 figs. [pp. 199–201, figs. 191–194; P. humanus, Ph. pubis. Original.] G.Google Scholar
Teichmann, E. (8. 03. 1917). Entlausung durch Zyanwasserstoff. Deutsche med. Wchschr. xliii. 303–4. K.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
War Office (issued 1918), Notes for Sanitary Officers, British Expeditionary Force in France, 1917. 84 pp. (18×12 cm.) London: H.M. Stationery Office. G.Google Scholar
Werner, H. and Wiese, O. (04. 1917). Die Uebertragung von Rekurrenspirochaeten durch Kopfläuse. Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Trop.-Hyg. xxi. 139. [Note of 25 lines. Of eleven capitis fed on relapsing fever patient in fever two showed many spirochaetes in coelomic fluid after 8 days.] D.Google Scholar