Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line supports in vitro miracidial transformation and early larval development of the deer liver fluke, Fascioloides magna

Abstract

A Bge cell co-culture system, previously shown to support the in vitro production of daughter sporocysts from mother sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum, has proven capable of supporting the in vitro development of intramolluscan stages of the deer liver fluke, Fascioloides magna. Miracidia commenced transforming within 4 h of incubation with Bge cells, and had completely shed their epidermal plates within 18–24 h. Redial stages were visible inside in vitro-transformed mother sporocysts after 12–16 days of co-culture with Bge cells, and emerged as fully-developed larvae starting at 14–20 days post-cultivation. Rediae survived over 60 days of in vitro culture, and reached a maximum size of 150–170 μm. Although particulate material was visible in their cecae, rediae were not observed to actively feed on Bge cells. Bge cells did not attach to or encapsulate larval stages at any time throughout the incubation period. Unlike Schistosoma spp., in which a high percentage of miracidia spontaneously shed their ciliated epidermal plates and transformed into mother sporocysts in Chernin's balanced saline solution (CBSS), transformation of F. magna was dependent on Bge cell products. Less than 5% of F. magna miracidia transformed spontaneously in either CBSS or Bge medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (complete or C-Bge). However, incubation of miracidia in either Bge cell-conditioned C-Bge medium or a greater than 30 kDa fraction concentrated from conditioned CBSS increased transformation rates to 67 and 83%, respectively. This secretory Bge cell factor(s) appeared to be protein in nature since its activity was completely abrogated by heat or proteinase K treatments. Overall, these results demonstrate that Bge cells are required for stimulating in vitro miracidial transformation and supporting early larval development of a fasciolid trematode under culture conditions. This is the first report of in vitro development of rediae from miracidia for a digenetic trematode.