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Aquatic molluscs as auxiliary hosts for terrestrial nematode parasites: implications for pathogen transmission in a changing climate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2010

N. J. MORLEY
N. J. MORLEY*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Tel: +44 (0) 1784 443186. Fax: +44 (0) 1784 414224. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Nematodes are common parasites of molluscs but are often overlooked. Both metastrongyloid and rhabditoid species dominate the fauna within land snail and slug populations. Nevertheless, a key characteristic of many laboratory studies is the ability of these terrestrial nematodes to utilize aquatic molluscs as auxiliary hosts. The significance of this to the ecology of the parasite has never been evaluated. There is increasing concern as to the impact of climate change on the epidemiology of many parasitic diseases. In particular, it has been suggested that host switching may increase under the pressure of extreme climatic conditions. It is therefore timely to assess the role that aquatic molluscs may play in transmitting terrestrial nematodes, which include species of medical and veterinary importance such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, A. vasorum, and Muellerius capillaris. The present review assesses the mechanisms of terrestrial nematode transmission through aquatic molluscs focusing on metastrongyloid and rhabditoid species, the importance of variable susceptibility of molluscan hosts, field studies on natural occurrence within aquatic habitats, and the impact of extreme climatic events (floods and droughts) that may increase in frequency under climate change.

Keywords

molluscsmetastrongyloidsrhabditoidsauxiliary hostfreshwater snailsAngiostrongylusMuelleriusPhasmarhabditisSteinernemaclimate change
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 137 , Issue 7 , June 2010 , pp. 1041 - 1056
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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