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Selenium-induced apoptosis-like cell death in Plasmodium falciparum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2011

EKA W. SURADJI ,
TOSHIMITSU HATABU ,
KENJI KOBAYASHI ,
CHIHO YAMAZAKI ,
RIZKY ABDULAH ,
MINATO NAKAZAWA ,
JUNKO NAKAJIMA-SHIMADA  and
HIROSHI KOYAMA
EKA W. SURADJI*
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
TOSHIMITSU HATABU
Affiliation:
Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
KENJI KOBAYASHI
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
CHIHO YAMAZAKI
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
RIZKY ABDULAH
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
MINATO NAKAZAWA
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
JUNKO NAKAJIMA-SHIMADA
Affiliation:
Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
HIROSHI KOYAMA
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan. Tel: +81 27 220 8015. Fax: +81 27 220 8016. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Plasmodium falciparum has for some time been developing resistance against known anti-malarial drugs, and therefore a new drug is urgently needed. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, in the form of inorganic Se, selenite (SeO32−), has been reported to have an anti-plasmodial effect, but its mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-plasmodial effect of several Se compounds against P. falciparum in vitro. The anti-plasmodial effect of several Se compounds was analysed and their apoptosis-inducing activity was evaluated by morphological observation, DNA fragmentation assay and mitochondrial function analysis. SeO32−, methylseleninic acid, selenomethionine and selenocystine have anti-plasmodial effects with 50% inhibition concentration at 9, 10, 45, and 65 μm, respectively, while selenate and methylselenocysteine up to 100 μm have no effect on parasite growth. The effective Se compounds caused the parasites to become shrunken and pyknotic and significantly increased mitochondrial damage against P. falciparum compared to the untreated control. In conclusion, SeO32−, methylseleninic acid, selenomethionine and selenocystine have anti-plasmodial activities that induce apoptosis-like cell death in P. falciparum, and the anti-plasmodial effects of Se seem to be based on its chemical forms. The apoptosis-like cell-death mechanism in P. falciparum can be beneficial to respond to the growing problem of drug resistance.

Keywords

seleniummalariaPlasmodium falciparumapoptosisdrugDNA fragmentation
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 138 , Issue 14 , December 2011 , pp. 1852 - 1862
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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