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Efficacies of vaccines against canine hookworm disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

V. K. Vinayak ,
N. K. Gupta ,
A. K. Chopra ,
G. L. Sharma  and
Asha Kumar
V. K. Vinayak
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
N. K. Gupta
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
A. K. Chopra
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
G. L. Sharma
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
Asha Kumar
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
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Summary

Three types of vaccine (1) a sonicated extract of killed larvae, (2) 5-fluorouracil-treated larvae and (3) 40 krad. X-irradiated larvae have been evaluated. Pups aged 3–4 months, weighing 2± 0·5 kg and free of natural hookworm infection were selected for experimental studies. The sonicated extract was given either in a single dose or as 2 doses at weekly intervals, whereas the 5-fluorouracil-treated and X-irradiated larvae were given in a single dose only. After completion of the vaccination schedule, the pups were challenged with filariform larvae and were sacrificed 3 weeks after challenge. Non-vaccinated pups and those vaccinated with a single dose of sonicated extract lost weight and had diarrhoea or dysentery after challenge. Furthermore, in non-vaccinated pups, haemoglobin levels fell and at autopsy the intestinal mucosa was found to be grossly congested and free blood was present in the lumen of the intestine. Such findings were not obtained in pups vaccinated with the other types of vaccines. The percentage of infective larvae which developed to the adult stage in non-vaccinated pups was 82·7 ± 9·53 compared with 45·1 ± 12·33, 30·1 ± 10·05, 20·6 ± 10·60 and 8·0 ± 7·46 %, respectively in pups vaccinated with a single dose of sonicated extract, double dose of sonicated extract, 5- fluorouracil-treated and 40 krad. X-irradiated larval vaccines. While the irradiated larval vaccine provided maximum protection against clinical ancylostomiasis, 2 doses of the sonicated larval vaccine could also afford almost equal protection to pups.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 82 , Issue 3 , June 1981 , pp. 375 - 382
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

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