Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:36:14.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Compositional and phylogenetic dissimilarity of host communities drives dissimilarity of ectoparasite assemblages: geographical variation and scale-dependence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2012

BORIS R. KRASNOV ,
DAVID MOUILLOT ,
IRINA S. KHOKHLOVA ,
GEORGY I. SHENBROT  and
ROBERT POULIN
BORIS R. KRASNOV*
Affiliation:
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
DAVID MOUILLOT
Affiliation:
UMR CNRS-UM2-IRD-IFREMER 5119 ECOSYM, University of Montpellier II, CC093, FR-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
IRINA S. KHOKHLOVA
Affiliation:
Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
GEORGY I. SHENBROT
Affiliation:
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
ROBERT POULIN
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author: Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel. Tel: +972 8 6596841. Fax: +972 8 6596772. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

We tested the hypothesis that compositional and/or phylogenetic dissimilarity of host assemblages affect compositional and/or phylogenetic dissimilarity of parasite assemblages, to different extents depending on scale, using regional surveys of fleas parasitic on small mammals from 4 biogeographical realms. Using phylogenetic community dissimilarity metric, we calculated the compositional and phylogenetic dissimilarity components between all pairs of host and parasite communities within realms and hemispheres. We then quantified the effect of compositional or phylogenetic dissimilarity in host regional assemblages, and geographical distance between assemblages, on the compositional or phylogenetic dissimilarity of flea regional assemblages within a realm, respectively. The compositional dissimilarity in host assemblages strongly affected compositional dissimilarity in flea assemblages within all realms and within both hemispheres. However, the effect of phylogenetic dissimilarity of host assemblages on that of flea assemblages was mostly confined to the Neotropics and Nearctic, but was detected in both the Old and New World at the higher scale, possibly because of phylogenetic heterogeneity in flea and host faunas between realms. The clearer effect of the compositional rather than the phylogenetic component of host community dissimilarity on flea community dissimilarity suggests important roles for host switching and ecological fitting during the assembly history of flea communities.

Keywords

ectoparasitesmammalian hostsphylogenetic community dissimilarityfaunal historyspatial scale
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 139 , Issue 3 , March 2012 , pp. 338 - 347
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Beveridge, I. and Chilton, N. B. (2001). Co-evolutionary relationships between the nematode subfamily Cloacininae and its macropodid marsupial hosts. International Journal for Parasitology 21, 976–996.Google Scholar
Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P., Cardillo, M., Jones, K. E., MacPhee, R. D. E., Beck, R. M. D., Grenyer, R., Price, S. A., Vos, R. A., Gittleman, J. L. and Purvis, A. (2007). The delayed rise of present-day mammals. Nature, London 446, 507–512.Google Scholar
Borcard, D., Legendre, P. and Drapeau, P. (1992). Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology 73, 1045–1055.Google Scholar
Brooks, D. R. (1988). Macroevolutionary comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 19, 235–259.Google Scholar
Brooks, D. R., León-Règagnon, V., McLennan, D. A. and Zelmer, D. (2006). Ecological fitting as a determinant of the community structure of platyhelminth parasites of anurans. Ecology 87, S76–S85.Google Scholar
Brooks, D. R. and McLennan, D. A. (1991). Phylogeny, Ecology, and Behavior: a Research Program in Comparative Biology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Bryant, J. A., Lamanna, C., Morlon, H., Kerkhoff, A. J., Enquist, B. J. and. Green, J. L. (2008). Microbes on mountainsides: contrasting elevational patterns of bacterial and plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 105, 11505–11511.Google Scholar
Chave, J., Chust, G. and Thebaud, C. (2007). The importance of phylogenetic structure in biodiversity studies. In Scaling Biodiversity (ed. Storch, D., Marquet, P. A. and Brown, H. J.), pp. 101–126. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Combes, C. (2001). Parasitism. The Ecology and Evolution of Intimate Interactions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. IL, USA,Google Scholar
Esch, G. W., Shostak, A. W., Marcogliese, D. J. and Goater, T. M. (1990). Patterns and processes in helminth parasite communities: an overview. In Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes (ed. Esch, G. W., Bush, A. O. and Aho, J. M.), pp. 1–19. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.Google Scholar
Faith, D. P. (1992). Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity. Biological Conservation 61, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleming, T. H. (2005). The relationship between species richness of vertebrate mutualists and their food plants in tropical and subtropical communities differs among hemispheres. Oikos 111, 56–562.Google Scholar
Goslee, S. C. and Urban, D. L. (2007). The ecodist package for dissimilarity-based analysis of ecological data. Journal of Statistical Software 22, 1–19.Google Scholar
Gravel, D., Massol, F., Canard, E., Mouillot, D. and Mouquet, N. (2011). Trophic theory of island biogeography. Ecology Letters 14, 1010–1016.Google Scholar
Hardy, O. J. and Senterre, B. (2007). Characterizing the phylogenetic structure of communities by an additive partitioning of phylogenetic diversity. Journal of Ecology 95, 493–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, P. H. and Pagel, M. D. (1991). The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Helmus, M. R., Bland, T. J., Williams, C. K. and Ires, A. R. (2007). Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity. American Naturalist 169, E68–E83.Google Scholar
Hoberg, E. P. and Brooks, D. R. (2010). Beyond vicariance: integrating taxon pulses, ecological fitting, and oscillation in evolution and historical biogeography. In The Biogeography of Host-Parasite Interactions (ed. Morand, S. and Krasnov, B. R.), pp. 7–20. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Ives, A. R. and Helmus, M. R. (2010). Phylogenetic metrics of community similarity. American Naturalist 176, e128–e142.Google Scholar
Janzen, D. H. (1985). On ecological fitting. Oikos 45, 308–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kembel, S. W., Cowan, P. D., Helmus, M. R., Cornwell, W. K., Morlon, H., Ackerly, D. D., Blomberg, S. P. and Webb, C. O. (2010). Picante: R tools for integrating phylogenies and ecology. Bioinformatics 26, 1463–1464.Google Scholar
Krasnov, B. R., Korine, C., Burdelova, N. V., Khokhlova, I. S. and Pinshow, B. (2007 b). Between-host phylogenetic distance and feeding efficiency in haematophagous ectoparasites: rodent fleas and a bat host. Parasitology Research 101, 365–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasnov, B. R., Mouillot, D., Shenbrot, G. I., Khokhlova, I. S. and Poulin, R. (2010 a). Deconstructing spatial patterns in species composition of ectoparasite communities: the relative contribution of host composition, environmental variables and geography. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19, 515–526.Google Scholar
Krasnov, B. R., Mouillot, D., Shenbrot, G. I., Khokhlova, I. S., Vinarski, M. V., Korallo-Vinarskaya, N. P. and Poulin, R. (2010 b). Similarity in ectoparasite faunas of Palaearctic rodents as a function of host phylogenetic, geographic, or environmental distances: which matters the most? International Journal for Parasitology 40, 807–817.Google Scholar
Krasnov, B. R., Poulin, R. and Mouillot, D. (2011). Scale-dependence of phylogenetic signal in ecological traits of ectoparasites. Ecography 34, 114–122.Google Scholar
Krasnov, B. R. and Shenbrot, G. I. (2002). Coevolutionary events in history of association of jerboas (Rodentia: Dipodidae) and their flea parasites. Israel Journal of Zoology 48, 331–350.Google Scholar
Krasnov, B. R., Shenbrot, G. I., Khokhlova, I. S. and Degen, A. A. (2004 a). Relationship between host diversity and parasite diversity: Flea assemblages on small mammals. Journal of Biogeography 31, 1857–1866.Google Scholar
Krasnov, B. R., Shenbrot, G. I., Khokhlova, I. S. and Degen, A. A. (2004 b). Flea species richness and parameters of host body, host geography and host “milieu” Journal of Animal Ecology 73, 1121–1128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasnov, B. R., Shenbrot, G. I., Khokhlova, I. S. and Poulin, R. (2007 a). Geographic variation in the “bottom-up” control of diversity: fleas and their small mammalian hosts. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16, 179–186.Google Scholar
Krasnov, B. R., Shenbrot, G. I., Mouillot, D., Khokhlova, I. S. and Poulin, R. (2005). Spatial variation in species diversity and composition of flea assemblages in small mammalian hosts: geographic distance or faunal similarity? Journal of Biogeography 32, 633–644.Google Scholar
La Sorte, F. A., McKinney, M. L., Pyšek, P., Klotz, S., Rapson, G. L., Celesti-Grapow, L. and Thompson, K. (2008). Distance decay of similarity among European urban floras: the impact of anthropogenic activities on β diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17, 363–371.Google Scholar
Legendre, P. and Legendre, L. (1998). Numerical Ecology, 2nd English Edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Legendre, P., Borcard, D. and Peres-Neto, P. R. (2005). Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data. Ecological Monographs 75, 435–450.Google Scholar
Lichstein, J. W. (2007). Multiple regression on distance matrices: a multivariate spatial analysis tool. Plant Ecology 188, 117–131.Google Scholar
Lozupone, C. A. and Knight, R. (2005). UniFrac: a new phylogenetic method for comparing microbial communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, 8228–8235.Google Scholar
Lu, L. and Wu, H. (2005). Morphological phylogeny of Geusibia Jordan, 1932 (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae) and the host-parasite relationships with pikas. Systematic Parasitology 61, 65–78.Google Scholar
Manly, B. F. (1986). Randomization and regression methods for testing for associations with geographical, environmental and biological distances between populations. Research in Population Ecology 28, 201–218.Google Scholar
Medvedev, S. G. (2005). An Attempted System Analysis of the Evolution of the Order of Fleas (Siphonaptera). Lectures in Memoriam N. A. Kholodkovsky, No. 57. Russian Entomological Society and Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (in Russian).Google Scholar
Morlon, H., Schwilk, D. W., Bryant, J. A., Marquet, P. A., Rebelo, A. G., Tauss, C., Bohannan, B. J. and Green, J. L. (2011). Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity. Ecology Letters 14, 141–149.Google Scholar
Nekola, J. C. and White, P. S. (1999). The distance decay of similarity in biogeography and ecology. Journal of Biogeography 26, 867–878.Google Scholar
Nuismer, S. L. and Thompson, J. N. (2006). Coevolutonary alternation in antagonistic interactions. Evolution 60, 2207–2217.Google Scholar
Oliva, M. E. and González, M. T. (2005). The decay of similarity over geographical distance in parasite communities of marine fishes. Journal of Biogeography 32, 1327–1332.Google Scholar
Paterson, A. M. and Banks, J. (2001). Analytical approaches to measuring cospeciation of host and parasites; through a glass, darkly. International Journal for Parasitology 31, 1012–1022.Google Scholar
Paterson, A. M. and Gray, R. D. (1997). Host-parasite co-speciation, host switching, and missing the boat. In Host-Parasite Evolution: General Principles and Avian Models (ed. Clayton, D. H. and Moore, J.), pp. 236–250. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Pavoine, S., Dufour, A.-B. and Chessel, D. (2004). From dissimilarities among species to dissimilarities among communities: a double principal coordinate analysis. Journal of Theoretical Biology 228, 523–537.Google Scholar
Poulin, R. (2003). The decay of similarity with geographical distance in parasite communities of vertebrate hosts. Journal of Biogeography 30, 1609–1615.Google Scholar
Poulin, R. (2007). Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites: from Individuals to Communities, 2nd Edn. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulin, R. (2010). Decay of similarity with host phylogenetic distance in parasite faunas. Parasitology 137, 733–741.Google Scholar
Poulin, R. and Krasnov, B. R. (2010). Similarity and variability in parasite assemblages across geographical space. In The Biogeography of Host-Parasite Interactions (ed. Morand, S. and Krasnov, B. R.), pp. 115–128. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Poulin, R. and Morand, S. (2000). The diversity of parasites. Quarterly Review of Biology 75, 277–293.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team (2011). R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/.Google Scholar
Rao, C. R. (1982). Diversity and dissimilarity coefficients: a unified approach. Theoretical Population Biology 21, 24–43.Google Scholar
Ricklefs, R. E. (1987). Community diversity: relative roles of local and regional processes. Science 235, 167–171.Google Scholar
Rosenzweig, M. L. (1992). Species diversity gradients: we know more and less than we thought. Journal of Mammalogy 73, 715–730.Google Scholar
Roy, B. A. (2001). Patterns of association between crucifers and their flower-mimic pathogens: host jumps are more common than coevolution or cospeciation. Evolution 55, 41–53.Google Scholar
Shenbrot, G. I., Sokolov, V. E., Heptner, V. G. and Kovalskaya, Y. M. (2008). Mammals of Russia and Adjacent Regions. Jerboas. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA.Google Scholar
Soberon, J. (2007). Grinnellian and Eltonian niches and geographic distributions of species. Ecology Letters 10, 1115–1123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soininen, J., McDonald, R. and Hillebrand, H. (2007). The distance decay of similarity in ecological communities. Ecography 30, 3–12.Google Scholar
Traub, R. (1980). The zoogeography and evolution of some fleas, lice and mammals. In Fleas. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fleas, Ashton Wold, Peterborough, UK, 21–25 June 1977 (ed. Traub, R. and Starke, H.), pp. 93–172. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Traub, R. (1985). Coevolution of fleas and mammals. In Coevolution of Parasitic Arthropods and Mammals (ed. Kim, K. C.), pp. 295–437. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.Google Scholar
Tuomisto, H. and Roukolainen, K. (2006). Analyzing or explaining beta diversity? Understanding the targets of different methods of analysis. Ecology 87, 2697–2708.Google Scholar
Vinarski, M. V., Korallo, N. P., Krasnov, B. R., Shenbrot, G. I. and Poulin, R. (2007). Decay of similarity of gamasid mite assemblages parasitic on Palaearctic small mammals: geographic distance, host species composition or environment? Journal of Biogeography 34, 1691–700.Google Scholar
Vuilleumier, F. and Simberloff, D. (1980). Ecology versus history as determinants of patchy and insular distributions in high Andean birds. Evolutionary Biology 12, 235–379.Google Scholar
Warwick, R. M. and Clarke, K. R. (1995). New “biodiversity” measures reveal a decrease in taxonomic distinctness with increasing stress. Marine Ecology Progress Series 129, 301–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watters, G. T. (1992). Unionids, fishes, and the species-area curve. Journal of Biogeography 19, 481–490.Google Scholar
Wessels, W. (1998). Gerbillidae from the Miocene and Priocene of Europe. Mitteilungen Bayerische Staatssammlung für Palaontologie und Historische Geologie 38, 187–207.Google Scholar
Whiting, M. F., Whiting, A. S., Hastriter, M. W. and Dittmar, K. (2008). A molecular phylogeny of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera): origins and host associations. Cladistics 24, 677–707.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. E. and Reeder, D. M. (ed.) (2005). Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3nd Edn. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Windsor, D. A. (1998). Most of the species on Earth are parasites. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 1939–1941.Google Scholar
Wiens, J. A. (1989). The Ecology of Bird Communities. Foundations and Patterns. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y.-Z., Gong, Z.-D., Feng, X.-G., Duna, X.-D., Wu, H.-Y., Weng, X. and Lu, Y. (2002). Study on the relationship between fleas and hosts in Mt. Baicaoling, Yunnan Province, China. Endemic Diseases Bulletin 17, 22–23 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Krasnov Supplementary Sources

List of sources for flea species composition on small mammalian hosts

Download Krasnov Supplementary Sources(File)
File 68.1 KB