Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T01:06:11.119Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Adaptation and evaluation of an ELISA for Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) in elephants and its application to a serological survey in Thailand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2017

MARGOT CAMOIN ,
ARTHUR KOCHER ,
PIANGJAI CHALERMWONG ,
SARAWUT YANGTARRA ,
NIKORN THONGTIP ,
SATHAPORN JITTAPALAPONG Open the ORCID record for SATHAPORN JITTAPALAPONG [Opens in a new window]  and
MARC DESQUESNES
MARGOT CAMOIN
Affiliation:
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Intertryp, F-34398 Montpellier, France Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
ARTHUR KOCHER
Affiliation:
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Intertryp, F-34398 Montpellier, France Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France
PIANGJAI CHALERMWONG
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
SARAWUT YANGTARRA
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
NIKORN THONGTIP
Affiliation:
Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kamphaeng Saen, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
SATHAPORN JITTAPALAPONG*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
MARC DESQUESNES
Affiliation:
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Intertryp, F-34398 Montpellier, France Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
*
*Corresponding author. Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra, is widespread in domestic livestock and wildlife in South East Asia. Surra can affect cattle, buffaloes, horses and also Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Despite the ‘threatened to extinction’ CITES status of elephant, surra's impact has not been thoroughly assessed yet in this species. This work offers to adapt an antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol, to detect Trypanosoma evansi antibodies in elephant serum. The test was validated with 365 negative-reference samples, which allowed the determination of a 16% positive threshold. The test was applied to a serological survey including 375 individuals. The estimated global seroprevalence was 2·1% (95% CI 1·1–4·2%). Therefore, surra does not appear to be endemic in Thai domestic elephants, but occasional outbreaks were reported to our laboratory during the survey period. These outbreaks seemed to be linked to close proximity to cattle or buffaloes, and led to severe clinical signs in elephants. Frequent relapses were observed after treatment with diminazene aceturate, the only trypanocide drug currently available in Thailand. Therefore, care should be taken to keep elephants away from bovine reservoirs, and to monitor the disease in this endangered species. ELISA proved to be reliable for screening purposes as well as for post-treatment monitoring.

Keywords

ElephantTrypanosoma evansisurraELISAapplication
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 145 , Issue 3 , March 2018 , pp. 371 - 377
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arjkumpa, O., Cheewasereechon, M., Suksaithaichana, P., Worasing, R., Anan, S., Khongo, P., Homkong, P. and Vongpakorn, M. (2012). Surra in timber elephant in Thungsong district, Nakhonsrithammarat Province, Thailand: Case investigation. Proceedings of the first Regional Conference of the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (STVM): A change in global environment, biodiversity, diseases and health, 18–21 June 2012, Phuket, Thailand, p. 26.Google Scholar
Bajyana Songa, E. and Hamers, R. (1988). A card agglutination test (CATT) for veterinary use based on an early VAT RoTat 1/2 of Trypanosoma evansi . Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale 68, 233–240.Google Scholar
Berlin, D., Loeb, E. and Baneth, G. (2009). Disseminated central nervous system disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi in a horse. Veterinary Parasitology 161, 316–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desquesnes, M. (1997). International and regional standardization of immunoenzyme tests: methods, concerns and limitations. Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) 16, 809–823.Google Scholar
Desquesnes, M., Kamyingkird, K., Pruvot, M., Kengradomkij, C., Bossard, G., Sarataphan, N. and Jittapalapong, S. (2009). Antibody-ELISA for Trypanosoma evansi: application in a serological survey of dairy cattle, Thailand, and validation of a locally produced antigen. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 90, 233–241.Google Scholar
Desquesnes, M., Holzmuller, P., Lai, D. H., Dargantes, A., Lun, Z. R. and Jittaplapong, S. (2013). Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on origin, history, distribution, taxonomy, morphology, hosts, and pathogenic effects. BioMed Research International 2013, 194176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobson, R. J., Dargantes, A. P., Reid, S. A., Hood, G. M. and Mercado, P. (2007). Estimating the impact of Trypanosoma evansi (surra) on buffalo populations of the Philippines using data from cross-sectional surveys. Proceedings of 21st Int. Conf. WAAVP, Gent, 2007 198, p. 229. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.02.012.Google Scholar
Evans, G. H. (1910). Elephants and Their Diseases: A Treatise on Elephants. Government Press, Rangoo, Burma, 344 pp.Google Scholar
Hin-On, W., Rodtian, P., Nuangmek, A., Uthaiwan, V. and Muangyai, M. (2004). Surra in timber elephant from Northern Thailand; Diagnosis and treatment; A case study. In: proceedings of the 30th annual conf. Thai Vet Med Assoc., Bangkok, Thailand, 10–12 November 2004, pp. 373–385.Google Scholar
Joshi, P. P., Shegokar, V. R., Powar, R. M., Herder, S., Katti, R., Salkar, H. R., Dani, V. S., Bhargava, A., Jannin, J. and Truc, P. (2005). Human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in India: the first case report. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 73, 491–495.Google Scholar
Kocher, A., Desquesnes, M., Kamyingkird, K., Yangtara, S., Leboucher, E., Rodtian, P., Dargantes, A. and Jittapalapong, S. (2015). Evaluation of an indirect-ELISA test for Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) in buffaloes and Its application to a serological survey in Thailand. BioMed Research International 2015, 361037.Google Scholar
Luckins, A. G. (1988). Trypanosoma evansi in Asia. Parasitology Today 4, 137–142.Google Scholar
Monzon, C. M., Mancebo, O. A. and Russo, A. M. (2003). Antibody levels by indirect ELISA test in Trypanosoma evansi infected horses following treatment with quinapyramine sulphate. Veterinary Parasitology 111, 59–63.Google Scholar
OIE (2012). Chapitre 2.1.17. Trypanosoma evansi infection (Surra). OIE Terrestrial Manual 2012, 1–15.Google Scholar
Payne, R. C., Sukanto, I. P., Djauhari, D., Partoutomo, S., Wilson, A. J., Jones, T. W., Boid, R. and Luckins, A. G. (1991). Trypanosoma evansi infection in cattle, buffaloes and horses in Indonesia. Veterinary Parasitology 38, 109–119.Google Scholar
Pintavong, W., Chueplaivej, P., Boonyasart, B., Kidyhoo, S., Pravai, W., TRattanakunuprakam, J., Ounsiri, S., Lorsanyaluck, B., Sunyathitiseree, P., Jittapalapong, S., Wajjwalku, W. and Thongtip, N. (2014). Domestic elephant population structure and health status in Thailand. Journal of Kasetsart Veterinarians 24, 16–24.Google Scholar
Powar, R. M., Shegokar, V. R., Joshi, P. P., Dani, V. S., Tankhiwale, N. S., Truc, P., Jannin, J. and Bhargava, A. (2006). A rare case of human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi . Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 24, 72–74.Google Scholar
Pruvot, M., Kamyingkird, K., Desquesnes, M., Sarataphan, N. and Jittapalapong, S. (2010). A comparison of six primer sets for detection of Trypanosoma evansi by polymerase chain reaction in rodents and Thai livestock. Veterinary Parasitology 171, 185–193.Google Scholar
Reid, S. A. and Copeman, D. B. (2002). Evaluation of an antibody-ELISA using five crude antigen preparations for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in cattle. Veterinary Parasitology 104, 79–84.Google Scholar
Rodtian, P., Hin-on, W. and Muangyai, M. (2012). A Success Dose of Eight mg per kg of Diminazene Aceturate in a Timber Elephant Surra Treatment: Case Study. Proceedings of the first Regional Conference of the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (STVM): A change in global environment, biodiversity, diseases and health; 18–21 June 2012, Phuket, Thailand, p. 24.Google Scholar
Sarataphan, N., Nishikawa, H., Tuntasuvan, D., Sukhapesna, V., Markvishitr, K. and Satjapitak, S. (1989). Effects of natural Trypanosoma evansi infection on milk yield of dairy cattle in Thailand. Proceeding of 1st Symposium on Ruminant Reproduction and Parasitology, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 27–29 November 1989, pp. 331–343.Google Scholar
Silva, R. A. M. S., Barros, A. T. M. and Herera, H. M. (1995). Trypanosomiasis outbreacks due to Trypanosoma evansi in the pantanal, Brazil. Apreliminary approach on risk factors. Revue d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaires des Pays Tropicaux 48, 315–319.Google Scholar
Singh, V. and Singla, L. D. (2013). Trypanosomiasis (surra) in livestock (Chapter 11). In Veterinary Parasitology in Indian Perspective. (ed. Katoch, R., Godara, R. and Yadav, A.), pp. 305–330. Serial Publishing House, Dehli. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9461-1.Google Scholar
Thu, L., My, L., Lan, P., Lang, P., Phuc, D. and Doanh, P. (1998). Epidemiological survey on Trypanosoma evansi infection in Vietnam. Journal of Protozooly Research 8, 177–181.Google Scholar
Van Vinh Chau, N., Buu Chau, L., Desquesnes, M., Herder, S., Phu Huong Lan, N., Campbell, J. I., Van Cuong, N., Yimming, B., Chalermwong, P., Jittapalapong, S., Ramon Franco, J., Tri Tue, N., Rabaa, M. A., Carrique-Mas, J., Pham Thi Thanh, T., Tran Vu Thieu, N., Berto, A., Thi Hoa, N., Van Minh Hoang, N., Canh Tu, N., Khac Chuyen, N., Wills, B., Tinh Hien, T., Thwaites, G. E., Yacoub, S. and Baker, S. (2016). A Clinical and epidemiological investigation of the first reported human infection with the zoonotic parasite Trypanosoma evansi in Southeast Asia. Clinical Infectious Diseases 62, 1002–1008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woo, P. T. K. (1970). The heamatocrit centrifuge technique for diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Acta Tropica 27, 384–386.Google Scholar