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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013
1 It should be remembered that until 1464 the hospice of Saint Edmund in Trastevere was a separate institution with its own government, whose structure was similar to that of the hospice of Saint Thomas. After 1464, the government of both hospices was effectively united under the control of the officials of the Saint Thomas hospice.
2 Venerable English College [hereafter VEC] membranae 173 and 197. Membranae will henceforth be referred to simply by ‘M’ and the individual scroll number.
3 For example, VEC Liber 232, fol. 17, where the negligence of hospice officials is said to have allowed a public right of way to appear between two parts of a hospice property, which resulted in the alienation of the rear portion of the property, and fol. 19, where in the rental list for the property called the Torre Portinata, in the Ghetto, the last entry expresses doubt that the ultimate name in the rental list was renting the Torre Portinata.
4 VEC Liber 18, fols 37–41v.
5 In such cases, of course, I have preferred the dates in the instrumenta.
6 None the less, the area was not far from the significant building of the Palazzo Borgia, also known as the Cancelleria Vecchia (today's Palazzo Sforza-Cesarini) in the 1470s and 1480s.
7 VEC M.230, M.231, relating to a hospice house acquired in 1505 by the cardinal in exchange for a cash payment and the gift of another house of lesser value, a transaction that took four-and-a-half years to conclude.
8 For example, the Palazzo Podocatari further along the Via di Monserrato, constructed in the late fifteenth century for the court doctor of Innocent VIII (1484–92), and, further in the same block, the earlier house of Pietro Paolo Francisci, governor of the papal mint under Paul II (1464–71). Cf. Lombardi, F., Roma: palazzi, palazzetti, case. Progetto per un inventario, 1200–1870 (Rome, 1992), 342–3Google Scholar.
9 For San Girolamo (later San Girolamo della Carità), see Lombardi, F., Roma: chiese, conventi, chiostri, 313–1925 (Rome, 1993), 172Google Scholar.
10 The last house on the Via Monserrato contiguous to the hospice was purchased in 1406, though one property remained between the Swedish hospice and the English hospice until 1577, when it too was purchased by the English, in this case the new English College. The three houses toward the Corte Savella prison were properties of the other English hospice, that of Saint Edmund in Trastevere, and remained under their separate control until the union of the hospices in 1464.
11 This is the same Thomas Candour, alias Caudour or Cawudower, who was again a hospice official in 1474.
12 VEC Liber 17, fols 11–llv.
13 Capgrave, J., Ye Solace of Pilgrimes (1450) (London, 1911), 157Google Scholar.
14 Williams, M.E., The Venerable English College, Rome, 1579–1979. A History (London, 1979), 194Google Scholar.
15 For the garden, see Richardson, C., ‘The perpetual resurrection: the garden of the Venerable English College in Rome’, Venerabile 31 (1998), 8–29Google Scholar.
16 VEC Liber 22, fols 94–5: ‘Item scala principals ad camera super aulam magnam [i.e. the old refectory]; item logetta discoperta cum muris et tramediis ubi est facta guardaroba et studium super chartofilatorium [i.e. the archive or archivist's office].’ And also: ‘Item per scala principalis et muris camerar. superior, cum finestris et logietta, d.137, b.22’. A few entries below, the account is more specific: ‘Item solui pro portis fenestris de lapide tyburtino per omnia loca supradicta — scala principalis de lapide tyburtino et aliis scalis, ac gradibus columnis virgettis incrustamentis lavacris sacristie et tinelli bassi transformationibus quorundam lapidum hospitalis magno lapide quadrato in fronte camini aule magne et aliis laboribus ut patet in cedula magistri Sebastiani Scarpellini subscripta per duos estimatores operis, unum pro hospitali et alterum pro eo, d.202, b.56, q.2’. This account suggests that a space, perhaps directly below the current archive room, was used for the same purpose in the sixteenth century.
17 VEC Liber 249, fol. 78.
18 VEC M.200, 23 March 1445.
19 ‘Ma non riuscendo la detta Capella comoda, fu poi redotta in forma migliore con la cantina sotto l'anno 1497 per opera del Ecc.mo Sig. Roberto Shirborno Ambasciatora al hora del Re Arigo Settimo de Inghilterra in Roma, et consegrata in honore del Santis.ma Trinità e Santo Tommaso Martire a di 27 di settembre 1501.’ VEC Liber 247, fol. 1, transcribed in Cristallini, Claudio and Noccioli, Marco, I ‘Libri delle Case’ di Roma: il Catasto del Collegio Inglese (1630) (Rome, 1987), 35Google Scholar.
20 Williams, Venerable English College (above, n. 14), 196, referring to Liber 17, fols 37–8v. The appendix, though uncredited, was written by Father Jerome Bertram.
21 Harvey, M., The English in Rome, 1362–1420: Portrait of an Expatriate Community (Cambridge, 1999), 64Google Scholar; Cristallini and Noccioli, Libri delle case (above, n. 19), 68, though the city block containing the hospice and its contiguous houses is completely misrepresented in the map on p. 74.
22 VEC Liber 232, fols 52–7.
23 Cf. VEC Liber 232, fols 9, 10–11, and Cristallini and Noccioli, Libri delle Case (above, n. 19), 74–5.
24 VEC Liber 1, fol. 66.
25 VEC Liber 232, fols 2v–4. Harvey, The English in Rome (above, n. 21), slightly innacurately described it as being in the vicinity of the Palazzo Sforza-Cesarini, which of course was the Palazzo Borgia in the late Quattrocento.
26 VEC Liber 232, fol. 57
27 VEC Liber 232, fol. 54 for the Ghetto property, fol. 53v for the inn.
28 VEC Liber 232, fols 53, 54v.
29 Cf. VEC Liber 232, fols 1 and 26 for houses in ruins, fol. 27 for typical repairs, fol. 21 for a house completely rebuilt.
30 Cristallini and Noccioli, Libri delle Case (above, n. 19), 29. The 1630 plan gives the impression that rooms in these houses were rented out separately, increasing the impression of a slum.
31 Cristallini and Noccioli, Libri delle Case (above, n. 19), 28. This building, on the Piazza di Paradiso, still stands, converted to apartments, across from the modern Albergo della Lunetta.
32 VEC M.172.
33 VEC M.197.
34 VEC Liber 232, fols 11v, 12, 13v, 14, 16, 16v, 26v, 27v, 28, 28v.
35 VEC Liber 222, fols 11v, 12.
36 VEC Liber 232, fols 16, 28v.
37 VEC Liber 232, fols 26v, 27v, 28.
38 VEC Liber 232, fol. 13v. For the terms of the bequest, see above.
39 VEC M.217, M.220.
40 VEC Liber 1, fols 46–46v.
41 VEC Liber 232, fol. 4. This house seems to have been one of note, despite its location in the depressed district of Pitzomerlo, and its sale gained the hospice 2,100 ducats de carlenis.
42 VEC Liber 232, fol. 25v. If it was Carafa (the text indicates only ‘the cardinal of Naples’), the monks may have been the Dominicans of Santa Maria della Pace, his principal beneficiaries.
43 VEC Liberia, fol. 28v.
44 For the acquisition, see Harvey, The English in Rome (above, n. 21), 64–5.
45 Harvey, The English in Rome (above, n. 21), 54.
46 VEC Liber 23, fol. 23. Florins were standard coinage in the early Quattrocento, especially while the papal court was at Florence, as it was during much of the reign of Eugenius IV.
47 VEC Liber 18, fol. 149.
48 VEC Liber 232, fol. 55v.
49 Cristallini and Noccioli, Libri delle Case (above, n. 19), 18.
50 VEC Liber 232, fol. 23v.
51 VEC Liber 18, fol. 33v; VEC Liber 232, fol. 21v.
52 VEC Liber 232, fol. 55.
53 VEC Scritture, 8.3.
54 In Cristallini and Noccioli, Libri delle Case (above, n. 19), 70, two houses are said to have been acquired in 1431 and 1483 respectively, but there is no evidence for either of these dates and Liber 232 contradicts them.
55 The macaronic word shoppa is a rare variant, but seems to indicate that the compiler of the 1517 survey of hospice properties (Hugh Spaldyng?) was a native English speaker.
56 VEC Liber 249, fol. 39.
57 For this and subsequent information, VEC Liber 232, fol. 6.
58 VEC Liber 1, fol. 130. For these tenants' ongoing possession of the house to 1517, see VEC Liber 232, fol. 52.
59 VEC Liber 249, fol. 40.
60 VEC Liber 232, fol. 6v.
61 VEC Liber 1, fol. 307.
62 VEC Liber 1, fol. 310v.
63 VEC Liber 232, fol. 6v.
64 Cf. VEC M.218, for the eviction, 8 October 1491, of Laurentius Bellini and Catharina his wife from a hospice property in the Piazza dei Satiri, in the area of the Theatre of Pompey.
65 VEC Liber 249, fol. 41.
66 VEC Liber 232, fol. 7.
67 VEC Liber 1, fol. 52.
68 Cf. VEC M.275, when the daughter of the original tenant sells the improvements she has made to the house to a person who is presumably the next tenant, who himself makes a contract with the hospice for the house in 1544 (cf. VEC M.281). The rent in the new contract is 32 ducats per year.
69 VEC Liber 249, fol. 42.
70 VEC Liber 1, fol. 304v, and VEC M.226.
71 VEC Liber 249, fol. 42.
72 VEC Liber 232, fol. 8.
73 Veronifex could plausibly also mean a maker of vernicles, images of the face of Christ that appeared on Saint Veronica's kerchief on the road to Calvary. My thanks to M. Harvey for this suggestion.
74 VEC Liber 232, fol. 9.
75 VEC Liber 232, fol. 8v.
76 VEC Liber 249, fol. 44.
77 VEC Liber 18, fol. 45.
78 For the same renter, see VEC Liber 232, fol. 22v.
79 VEC Liber 1, fol. 315v.
80 Cf. the Palazzo Ricci, the house of Paolo della Zecca, and others nearby, though the fresco decorations of these buildings (of the early 1520s, by Polidoro da Caravaggio and Maturino da Firenze) have suffered serious decay.