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Cancer treatment experiences among survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A qualitative investigation of triggers and reactions to cumulative trauma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 August 2017

Julie B. Schnur ,
Matthew J. Dillon ,
Rachel E. Goldsmith  and
Guy H. Montgomery
Julie B. Schnur*
Affiliation:
Department of Oncological Sciences, Integrative Behavioral Medicine Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
Matthew J. Dillon
Affiliation:
Department of Oncological Sciences, Integrative Behavioral Medicine Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
Rachel E. Goldsmith
Affiliation:
Department of Oncological Sciences, Integrative Behavioral Medicine Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
Guy H. Montgomery
Affiliation:
Department of Oncological Sciences, Integrative Behavioral Medicine Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Julie B. Schnur, Department of Oncological Sciences, Box 1130, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029-6574. E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Objective:

Some 25% of women and 8% of men in the United States have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA) before the age of 18. For these individuals, healthcare visits and interactions can be retraumatizing due to perceived similarities to past abuse (e.g., pain, undressing, lack of control). However, no prior studies have provided formal qualitative analyses regarding CSA survivors' reactions to cancer treatment. Therefore, our study's objective was to identify key themes pertaining to CSA survivors' cancer treatment experiences.

Method:

Male and female members of the Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 159, mean age = 44.27 years, SD = 10.02) participated in an anonymous online survey study. The inclusion criteria included reporting: history of CSA; a diagnosis of colorectal, gynecological, breast, or skin cancer; and experience of triggers and/or difficulties during cancer treatment. Participants' responses to open-ended questions were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results:

We identified two primary themes describing CSA survivors' experiences: Theme 1: treatment-related triggers (key subthemes: procedure-related, provider-related, and emotional triggers); and Theme 2: questioning the meaning of cumulative trauma (e.g., “Why me again?”).

Significance of results:

For CSA survivors, cancer and its treatment can trigger thoughts and emotions associated with the original abuse as well as negative evaluations of themselves, the world, and their future. Our findings are consistent with past research on CSA survivors' experiences in non-cancer healthcare settings and add to the literature by highlighting their struggles during cancer treatment. The present results can inform further research on trauma survivors' reactions to cancer treatment and give cancer care providers the context they need to understand and sensitively serve a substantial yet often overlooked patient group.

Keywords

CancerQualitativeChildhood sexual abuseRetraumatizationPatient experience
Type
Original Article
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 16 , Issue 6 , December 2018 , pp. 767 - 776
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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