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An update on the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2008

Yesne Alici-Evcimen  and
William Breitbart
Yesne Alici-Evcimen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Section on Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
William Breitbart*
Affiliation:
Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Yesne Alici-Evcimen, Department of Psychiatry, Section on Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Chestnut Street, 2nd floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objective:

Delirium is the most common neuropsychiatric complication of medical illness, a medical emergency that needs to be identified and treated vigorously. Delirium is too frequently underdiagnosed and untreated in the medical setting, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality, interference in the management of symptoms such as pain, an increased length of hospitalization, increased health care costs, and distress for patients and their caregivers (Inouye, 2006; Breitbart et al., 2002a, 2002b). In this article, we present an update of the use of antipsychotics in management of delirium based on the available literature and our own clinical experience.

Methods:

We reviewed the current literature on the role of antipsychotics in the management of delirium using standard computer-based search methods (e.g., PubMed).

Results:

Antipsychotic medications, including the new atypical antipsychotics, have been demonstrated to effectively manage a wide spectrum of the symptoms of delirium and are an essential component in the multimodal approach to managing delirium.

Significance of results:

The standard approach to managing delirium includes identification and elimination of factors contributing to the delirium in addition to pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment interventions (Trzepacz et al., 1999). Newer atypical antipsychotics can play an important role in the management of the symptoms of delirium.

Keywords

AntipsychoticsDeliriumNeuropsychiatricNeurotransmitter
Type
Review Articles
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , June 2008 , pp. 177 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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