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Psychometric properties of Farsi version of Demoralization Scale-II (DS-II) in Iranian cancer patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2024

Nazanin Mousavi Open the ORCID record for Nazanin Mousavi [Opens in a new window] ,
Mandana Piryaei ,
Roghieh Nooripour ,
David Kissane ,
Zahra Hooshyari ,
Mohammad Effatpanah Open the ORCID record for Mohammad Effatpanah [Opens in a new window]  and
Nikzad Ghanbari
Nazanin Mousavi
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
Mandana Piryaei
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Roghieh Nooripour
Affiliation:
Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Department of Counseling, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
David Kissane
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Monash Medical Center, University of Notre Dame Australia, Cunningham Centre for Palliative Care Research, St Vincent’s Sydney and Szalmuk Family Research Unit at Cabrini Health, Clayton, Australia
Zahra Hooshyari
Affiliation:
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Effatpanah*
Affiliation:
Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Nikzad Ghanbari
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Mohammad Effatpanah; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objectives

Demoralization, a prevalent form of psychological distress, significantly impacts patient care, particularly in terminally ill individuals, notably those diagnosed with cancer. This study aimed to assess psychometric properties of Farsi version of Demoralization Scale-II (DS-II) in Iranian cancer patients.

Methods

This study was descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research. The statistical population was cancer patients who sought treatment at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran throughout the 2021–2022. In the initial phase of the study, a preliminary sample comprising 200 patients was carefully selected through convenience sampling. After applying these criteria, 160 patients satisfactorily completed the questionnaires, forming the final study sample. They completed series of questionnaires that included sociodemographic information, DS-II, Scale of Happiness of the Memorial University of Newfoundland, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The evaluation included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), assessments of convergent validity, and internal consistency reliability.

Results

The CFA revealed a 2-factor model consistent with the original structure. The specific fit indices, including the Comparative Fit Index, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, and Goodness-of-Fit Index, were 0.99, 0.051, and 0.86, respectively. Significant correlation coefficients (p < 0.05) were found between the DS-II and the Beck Depression and MUNSH Happiness scales. The internal consistency of the DS-II, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, yielded values of 0.91 for the meaning and purpose factor, 0.89 for the coping ability factor, and 0.92 for the total score.

Significance of results

The Farsi version of DS-II has demonstrated reliability and validity in evaluating demoralization among cancer patients in Iran. This tool can offer valuable insights into the psychological problems of terminally ill patients. Further research opportunities may include conducting longitudinal studies to track demoralization over time and exploring the impact of demoralization on the overall well-being and care of terminally ill patients in Iranian society.

Keywords

Cancerdemoralizationtranslationvaliditypatient
Type
Original Article
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 22 , Issue 6 , December 2024 , pp. 1825 - 1834
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press.

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