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The cryptic and the apparent reversed: lack of genetic differentiation within the morphologically diverse plexus of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Aurore André ,
Agnes Weiner ,
Frédéric Quillévéré ,
Ralf Aurahs ,
Raphaël Morard ,
Christophe J. Douady ,
Thibault de Garidel-Thoron ,
Gilles Escarguel ,
Colomban de Vargas  and
Michal Kucera
Aurore André
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement, UMR CNRS 5276, Université Lyon 1, 27–43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Agnes Weiner
Affiliation:
Zentrum für marine Umweltwissenschaften MARUM, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Frédéric Quillévéré*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement, UMR CNRS 5276, Université Lyon 1, 27–43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Ralf Aurahs
Affiliation:
Zentrum für marine Umweltwissenschaften MARUM, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Raphaël Morard
Affiliation:
UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7144, Evolution du Plancton et PaléoOcéans, Station Biologique, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff, France
Christophe J. Douady
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon, UMR5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, 6 rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris F-75005, France
Thibault de Garidel-Thoron
Affiliation:
CEREGE UMR 6635, Université Aix-Marseille, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France, and CEREGE UMR 6635, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France
Gilles Escarguel
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement, UMR CNRS 5276, Université Lyon 1, 27–43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Colomban de Vargas
Affiliation:
UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7144, Evolution du Plancton et PaléoOcéans, Station Biologique, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff, France
Michal Kucera
Affiliation:
Zentrum für marine Umweltwissenschaften MARUM, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
*
∗Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Previous genetic studies of extant planktonic foraminifera have provided evidence that the traditional, strictly morphological definition of species in these organisms underestimates their biodiversity. Here, we report the first case where this pattern is reversed. The modern (sub)tropical species plexus Globigerinoides sacculifer is characterized by large morphological variability, which has led to the proliferation of taxonomic names attributed to morphological end-members within the plexus. In order to clarify the taxonomic status of its morphotypes and to investigate the genetic connectivity among its currently partly disjunct (sub)tropical populations, we carried out a global survey of two ribosomal RNA regions (SSU and ITS-1) in all recent morphotypes of the plexus collected throughout (sub)tropical surface waters of the global ocean. Unexpectedly, we find an extremely reduced genetic variation within the plexus and no correlation between genetic and morphological divergence, suggesting taxonomical overinterpretation. The genetic homogeneity within the morphospecies is unexpected, considering its partly disjunct range in the (sub)tropical Atlantic and Indo-Pacific and its old age (early Miocene). A sequence variant in the rapidly evolving ITS-1 region indicates the existence of an exclusively Atlantic haplotype, which suggests an episode of relatively recent (last glacial) isolation, followed by subsequent resumption of unidirectional gene flow from the Indo-Pacific into the Atlantic. This is the first example in planktonic foraminifera where the morphological variability in a morphospecies exceeds its rDNA genetic variability. Such evidence for inconsistent scaling of morphological and genetic diversity in planktonic foraminifera could complicate the interpretation of evolutionary patterns in their fossil record.

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Paleobiology , Volume 39 , Issue 1 , Winter 2013 , pp. 21 - 39
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Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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