Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:30:03.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Status and distribution of the endemic Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2009

I Wayan A. Dirgayusa
Affiliation:
Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Jalan Pamekar Raya 10, Bandung 40613, Indonesia. Tel./fax: +62 22 780 0780; e-mail: [email protected]
I Made W. Adi Putra
Affiliation:
Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Jalan Pamekar Raya 10, Bandung 40613, Indonesia. Tel./fax: +62 22 780 0780; e-mail: [email protected]
Herbert H. T. Prins
Affiliation:
Wageningen University, Tropical Nature Conservation and Vertebrate Ecology Group, Bornsesteeg 69, 6708 PD, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Tel.: +31 317 483 900; fax: +31 317 484 845; e-mail: [email protected]; Web: www.slm.wau.nl/natcons/ND
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi is a passerine endemic to the dry monsoon forest of the island of Bali, Indonesia. Habitat conversion and excessive capture for the pet trade brought the species to the verge of extinction in the 1980s. The species is critically endangered because of 1) an extremely small population size, 2) restriction to a small area, 3) illegal trapping, and 4) diminishing suitable habitat left within its natural range. An intricate web of factors prevents the Bali starling from emerging from this precarious situation.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Fauna and Flora International 2000

References

H., Alikodra, H.S., Sutahardja, A.S., Budi, R., Tarumingkeng, F.G., Suratmo & H., Basjarudin (1978) Plan for the management and development of Bali Barat Wildlife Reserve. PPA, Bogor [in Indonesian].Google Scholar
F.W., Allendorf & R.F., Leary (1986) Heterozygosity and fitness in natural populations of animals. In Conservation Biology (ed. Soulé, M. E.), pp. 5776. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.Google Scholar
J.S., Ash (1984) Bird observations on Bali. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 104, 2435.Google Scholar
C.A., Backer & R.C., Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) Flora of Java (Spermatophytes Only), vol. II. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
B., van Balen (1995a) Bibliography of the Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi 1912–1994. Technical Memorandum 6. PHPA/BirdLife International—Indonesia Programme, Bogor.Google Scholar
B., van Balen (1995b) Methodology for Population Census of the Bali Starling Leucopsar rothschildi in the Bali Barat National Park. Technical Memorandum 7. PHPA/BirdLife International—Indonesia Programme, Bogor.Google Scholar
B., van Balen & I W.A., Dirgayusa (19931995) Bali Starling Project activity report. September 1992–Feburuary 1995. PHPA, BirdLife International, Bali Barat NP and AAZPA, Bogor and Gilimanuk [in four parts].Google Scholar
S., van Balen & V.H., Gepak (1994) Captive breeding and the conservation programme of the Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi. In Creative Conservation (eds Mace, G., Olney, P. and Feistner, A.), pp. 420430. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
B., van Balen & P., Jepson (1992) Bali Starling Project activity report. January–August 1992. PHPA, ICBP, Bali Barat NP and AAZPA, Bogor and Gilimanuk.Google Scholar
S., van Balen & M.N., Soetawidjaya (19891991) Bali Starling Project progress report. Among Satwa Mrih Lestari, Buletin PKBSI, 28, 1314; 39, 8–9; 42, 24–25; 45, 27–29; 47, 22–23; 50, 19–20.Google Scholar
B., van Balen, B.E., van Helvoort & M.N., Soetawidjaya (1990) Bali Starling Project III progress report July 1987–September 1990. ICBP, PHPA, AAZPA and JWPT, Bogor and Gilimanuk.Google Scholar
A.C.V., van Bemmel (1974) Balispreeuwen. Artis, 20, 134137.Google Scholar
Y., Cahyadin (1992) Several ecological aspects of the Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann 1912 in the breeding season at Teluk Kelor, Bali Barat National Park. Student report, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia [in Indonesian].Google Scholar
N.J., Collar, M.J., Crosby & A.J., Stattersfield (1994) Birds to Watch. 2 The World List of Threatened Birds BirdLife Conservation Series No. 4. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Collins, M.S., Smith, T.B., Seibels, R.E. & Adi Putra, I M.W. (1998) Approaches to the reintroduction of the Bali mynah. Zoo Biology, 17, 267284.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Iongh, H.H, Komara, A., Moeliono, M., Pratjihno, P.S., Spliethof, P.C. & Soenarja, I.S. (1979) Report on a survey of the Bali tiger (Panthera tigris balica Schwarz 1912) and Bali mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann 1912). March–April 1979. Van Tienhovens Foundation, Amsterdam [in Indonesian].Google Scholar
de Iongh, H.H, Komara, A., Moeliono, M., Soemarto, P., Soebrata, S., Spliethof, P.C. & Soenarja, I.S. (1982) A survey of the Bali mynah Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann 1912. Biological Conservation, 23, 291295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, J.M. (1986) Rapid evolution of urban birds. Nature, 324, 107108.Google Scholar
Ezra, A. (1931) Successful breeding in Galcopsar salvadori and Leucopsar rothschildi. Avicultural Magazine, 9, 305307.Google Scholar
Franklin, l.R. (1980) Evolutionary change in small populations. In Conservation Biology, an Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective (eds Soulé, M. E. and Wilcox, B. A.), pp. 135149. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.Google Scholar
Gehlbach, F.R. (1988) Population and environmental features that promote adaptation to urban ecosystems: the case of eastern screech-owls (Otus asio) in Texas. Ada Congressus International Ornithologici, XIX, 18091813.Google Scholar
Harrison, C.J.O. (1968) Rothschild's mynah: an appeal for co-operation. Avicultural Magazine, 74, 1920.Google Scholar
Hartojo, P. & Suwelo, I.S. (1987) Conservation efforts for the Bali starling. Media Konservasi, 1(4), 2939 ‘in Indonesian].Google Scholar
van Helvoort, B.E. (1990) The Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann 1912; its current status and need for conservation. In Proceedings ASEAN Workshop on Wildlife Research and Management, pp. 115131. PHPA, Bogor.Google Scholar
van Helvoort, B.E., Soetawidjaya, M.N. & Hartojo, P. (1985) The Rothschild's Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi): a Case for Captive or Wild Breeding? ICBP, Cambridge.Google Scholar
van Helvoort, B.E., Soetawidjaya, M.N. & Hartojo, P. (1986) The Rothschild's Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi): a Case for Captive or Wild Breeding? ICBP, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jepson, P. (1997) Birding Indonesia. A Bird-watcher's Guide to the World's Largest Archipelago. Periplus, Singapore.Google Scholar
Junge, G.C.A. (1953) Ornithological research in the Dutch Indies. Ardea, 41, 301334 [in Dutch].Google Scholar
King, W.B. (1974) Aspects of international trade in Indonesian birds. International Zoo Yearbook, 14, 5661.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, j., Smiet, F. & Artha, M.B. (1982) National conservation plan for Indonesia. Vol. III. Java and Bali. Field Report INS/78/061. UNDP/FAO National Parks Development Project, Bogor.Google Scholar
Morrison, A. (1981) A note on the Javanese aviculture. Avicultural Magazine, 86, 108110.Google Scholar
Natawiria, D. (1975) Second survey of the Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi Stres.) in Bali Barat Nature Reserve. Report No. 211. Forestry Research Institute, Bogor [in Indonesian].Google Scholar
van der Paardt, Th. (1926) Manoek poetih: Leucopsar rothschildi. De Tropische Natuur, 15, 169173.Google Scholar
von Plessen, Baron V. (1926) Verbreitung und Lebensweise von Leucopsar rothschildi Stres. Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 34, 7173.Google Scholar
PHPA/BirdLife International—IP (1997) Bali Starling Recovery Plan. PHPA/BirdLife International—Indonesia Programme, Bogor.Google Scholar
Sandy, I M. (1987) Regional Climates of Indonesia. Geography Department, University of Indonesia, Jakarta [in Indonesian].Google Scholar
Schreiber, E.A. (1994) El Niño–Southern Oscillation events may be affecting your field data as they alter weather patterns worldwide. Journal für Ornithologie, 135 (Suppl.), 210.Google Scholar
Scott, J.M., Temple, S.A., Harlow, D.L. & Shaffer, M.L. (1994) Restoration and management of endangered species. In Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats (ed. Bookhout, T. A.), pp. 531539. The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, MD.Google Scholar
Seal, U.S. (1990) Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi viability analysis and species survival plan. Bogor: PHP A, ICBP, AAZPA, JWPT, CBSG, SSC and IUCN. Workshop Report.Google Scholar
Seibels, R.E. & Bell, K.J. (1993) The Bali mynah. The American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquaria's species survival plan. Avicultural Magazine, 99, 207212.Google Scholar
Senner, J.W. (1980) Inbreeding depression and the survival of zoo populations. In Conservation Biology, An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective (eds Soulé, M. E. and Wilcox, B. A.), pp. 209224. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.Google Scholar
Sieber, J. (1978) Freilandbeobachtungen und Versuche einer Bestandaufnahme des Bali-Stars Leucopsar rothschildi. Journal für Ornithologie, 119, 102106.Google Scholar
Sieber, J. (1983) Nestbau, Brut und Jungenaufzucht beim Balistar (Leucopsar rothschildi). Zoologischer Garten N.F., jena, 53, 281289.Google Scholar
Smiet, A.C. (1992) Forest ecology on Java: human impact and vegetation of montane forest. Journal Tropical Ecology, 8, 129152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sontag, W.A. (1991) Zur Habitatsnutzung beim Balistar (Leucopsar rothschildi): Vergleich mit einer nahverwandten Referenzart. Seevögel, Zeitschrift Verein jordsand, 12 (Suppl), 111113.Google Scholar
Sontag, W.A. (1992) On habitat utilization in various south Asian starlings (Sturnidae). Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 68 (Suppl.: Ann. Orn. 16), 115123.Google Scholar
Spilsbury, D.T. (1970) Rothschild's mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi). Register and report on 1969 census. Avicultural Magazine, 76, 115129.Google Scholar
Stresemann, E. (1912) Description of a new genus and new species of bird from the Dutch East India Islands. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 31, 46.Google Scholar
Stresemann, E. (1913) Die Vögel von Bali, aus den Zoologischen Ergebnissen der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition. Novitates Zoologicae, 20, 325387.Google Scholar
Sungkawa, W., Natawiria, D., Prawira, R.S.A. & Kurnia, F. (1974) Observations on the Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) in Bali Barat Nature Reserve. Report No. 195. Forestry Research Institute, Bogor [in Indonesian].Google Scholar
Suryawan, W. (1996) Inventory report on the Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi in Bali Barat National Park. Internal Report, Forestry Department and Bali Barat National Park, Cekik, Bali [in Indonesian].Google Scholar
Suwelo, I.S. (1976) Study on the habitat and population of the Bali Barat nature reserve. PPA and Universitas Indonesia, Bogor and Jakarta [in Indonesian].Google Scholar
Walker, S.H., Eavis, B.W., Harris, J.C, Laurence, J.F., Moffatt, D.J. & Robertson, C.A. (1980) Development of the water resources of Bali: a master plan. Land Resource Report 31. Ministry of Overseas Development, Surbiton.Google Scholar
West, C.C. & Pugh, P.B. (1986) Breeding and behaviour of Rothschild's mynah. Dodo, 22, 8497.Google Scholar
Whitmore, T.C. (1990) Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Whitten, T., Soeriaatmadja, R.E. & Afiff, S.A. (1996) The ecology of Java and Bali. In The Ecology of Indonesia Series 2. Periplus, Singapore.Google Scholar
Wind, J. (1991) Bali Barat Natiotial Park Zoning and Restoration Plan. PHPA and DHV Consultants Netherlands, Bogor and Amersfoort.Google Scholar