Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T13:44:13.280Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Zinc in Human Nutrition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

Susan J. Fairweather-Tait
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait
Affiliation:
AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Colney Lane, NorwichNR4 7UA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , January 1988 , pp. 23 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1988

References

REFERENCES

Abu-Assal, M. J. & Craig, W. J. (1984). The zinc status of pregnant vegetarian women. Nutrition Reports International 29, 485–494.Google Scholar
Ainley, C. C., Cason, J., Carlsson, L., Thompson, R. P. H., Slavin, B. M. & Norton, K. R. W. (1986). Zinc state in anorexia nervosa. British Medical Journal 293, 992–993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Apgar, J. (1985). Zinc and reproduction. Annual Review of Nutrition 5, 43–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arvidsson, B., Cederblad, A., Bjorn-Rasmussen, E. & Sandstrom, B. (1978). A radionuclide technique for studies of zinc absorption in man. International Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology 5, 104–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baer, M. T., King, J. C., Tamura, T., Margen, S., Bradfield, R. B., Weston, W. L. & Daugherty, N. A. (1985). Nitrogen utilization, enzyme activity, glucose intolerance and leukocyte chemotaxis in human experimental zinc depletion. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 1220–1235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bales, C. W., Steinman, L. C., Freeland-Graves, J. H., Stone, J. M. & Young, R. K. (1986). The effect of age on plasma zinc uptake and taste acuity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 664–669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bindra, G. S., Gibson, R. S. & Thompson, L. U. (1986). [Phytate][calcium]/[zinc] ratios in asian immigrant lactoovo vegetarian diets and their relationship to zinc nutriture. Nutrition Research 6, 475–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremner, I. (1987 a). Interactions between metallothionein and trace elements. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science 11, 1–37.Google ScholarPubMed
Bremner, I. (1987 b). Nutritional and physiological significance of metallothionein. Experientia, Supplementum 52, 81–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bremner, I., Mehra, R. K. & Sato, M. (1987 a). Metallothionein in blood, bile and urine. Experientia, Supplementum 52, 507–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremner, I., Morrison, J. N., Wood, A. M. & Arthur, J. R. (1987 b). Effects of changes in dietary zinc, copper and selenium supply and of endotoxin administration on metallothionein I concentrations in blood cells and urine in the rat. Journal of Nutrition 117, 1595–1602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bunker, V. W., Hinks, L. J., Lawson, M. S. & Clayton, B. E. (1984). Assessment of zinc and copper status of healthy elderly people using metabolic balance studies and measurement of leucocyte concentrations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40, 1096–1102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burge, J. C., Schemmel, R. A., Park, H. S. & Greene, J. A. III (1984). Taste acuity and zinc status in chronic renal disease. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 84, 1203–1206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell-Brown, M., Ward, R. J., Haines, A. P., North, W. R. S., Abraham, R., McFadyen, I. R., Turnland, J. R. & King, J. C. (1985). Zinc and copper in Asian pregnancies - is there evidence for a nutritional deficiency? British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 92, 875–885.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castillo-Duran, C., Heresi, G., Fisberg, M. & Vauy, R. (1987). Controlled trial of zinc supplementation during recovery from malnutrition: effects on growth and immune function. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 602–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coppen, D. E., Cousins, R. J. & Richardson, D. E. (1985). Effect of zinc on chemically induced peroxidation in rat liver parenchymal cells in primary culture. Federation Proceedings 44, 6404.Google Scholar
Cossack, Z. T. & Prasad, A. S. (1983). Effect of protein source on the bioavailability of zinc in human subjects. Nutrition Research 3, 23–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cousins, R. J. (1985). Absorption, transport, and hepatic metabolism of copper and zinc: special reference to metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. Physiological Reviews 65, 238–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cousins, R. J. (1986). Towards a molecular understanding of zinc metabolism. Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry 4, 20–30.Google Scholar
Date, A. R. & Gray, A. L. (1983). Isotope ratio measurements in solution samples using a plasma ion source. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics 48, 357–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinsmore, W. W., Callender, M. E., McMaster, D. & Love, A. H. G. (1985). The absorption of zinc from a standardized meal in alcoholic and in normal volunteers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 688–693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drews, L. M., Kies, C. & Fox, H. M. (1979). Effect of dietary fiber on copper, zinc and magnesium utilization by adolescent boys. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 1893–1898.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, R., Kelsay, J. L., Reynolds, R. D., Morris, E. R., Moser, P. B. & Frazier, C. W. (1987). Phytate:zinc and phytate × calcium:zinc millimolar ratios in self-selected diets of Americans, Asian Indians, and Nepalese. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 87, 1043–1047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairweather-Tait, S. J., Portwood, D. E., Symss, L. L., Eagles, J. & Minski, M. J. (1988). Iron and zinc absorption in human subjects from a mixed meal of extruded and non-extruded wheat bran and flour. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. (In the Press).Google Scholar
Fairweather-Tait, S. J., Wright, A. J. A., Cooke, J. & Franklin, J. (1985). Studies of zinc metabolism in pregnant and lactating rats. British Journal of Nutrition 54, 401–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairweather-Tait, S. J., Wright, A. J. A. & Williams, C. M. (1984). Zinc metabolism in pregnant and lactating rats and the effect of varying iron:Zn in the diet. British Journal of Nutrition 52, 205–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farah, D. A., Hall, M. J., Mills, P. R. & Russell, R. I. (1984). Effect of wheat bran on zinc absorption. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 38C, 433–441.Google Scholar
Fickel, J. J., Freeland-Graves, J. H. & Roby, M. J. (1986). Zinc tolerance tests in zinc deficient and zinc supplemented diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, 47–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flanagan, P. R., Cluett, J., Chamberlain, M. J. & Valberg, L. S. (1985). Dual-isotope method for determination of human zinc absorption: the use of a test meal of turkey meat. Journal of Nutrition 115, 111–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friel, J. K., Gibson, R. S., Kawash, G. F. & Watts, J. (1985). Dietary zinc intake and growth during infancy. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4, 746–751.Google ScholarPubMed
Frohlich, W. & Sandstrom, B. (1983). Zinc absorption from composite meals. In Nutritional Bioavailability of Zinc, American Chemical Society Symposium Series no. 210, pp. 211–221 [Inglett, G. E., editor]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghavami-Maibodi, S. Z., Collipp, P. J., Castro-Magana, M., Stewart, C. & Chen, S. Y. (1983). Effect of oral zinc supplements on growth, hormonal levels, and zinc in healthy short children. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 27, 214–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Golden, M. H. N., Golden, B. E. & Bennett, F. I. (1985). Relationship of trace element deficiencies to malnutrition. In Trace Elements in Nutrition of Children, pp. 185–207 [Chandra, R. K., editor]. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Gordon, P. R., Woodruff, C. W., Anderson, H. L. & O'Dell, B. L. (1982). Effect of acute zinc deprivation on plasma zinc and platelet aggregation in adult males. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35, 113–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hambidge, K. M. (1986). Zinc deficiency in the weanling - how important? Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, Supplement 323, 52–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hambidge, K. M., Krebs, N. F., Jacobs, M. A., Favier, A., Guyette, L. & Ikle, D. N. (1983). Zinc nutritional status during pregnancy: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 429–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunt, I. F., Murphy, N. J., Cleaver, A. E., Faraji, B., Swendseid, M. E., Browdy, B. L., Coulson, A. H., Clark, V. A., Settlage, R. H. & Smith, J. C. Jr (1985). Zinc supplementation during pregnancy in low-income teenagers of Mexican descent: effects on selected blood constituents and on progress and outcome of pregnancy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 815–828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurley, L. S. (1985). Trace elements in prenatal and neonatal development: zinc and manganese. In Trace Elements in Nutrition of Children, pp. 121–135 [Chandra, R. K., editor]. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Hytten, F. E. (1985). Do pregnant women need zinc supplements? British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 92, 873–874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inglett, G. E., (ed.) (1983). Nutritional Bioavailability of Zinc. American Chemical Society Symposium Series no. 210. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Istfan, N. W., Janghorbani, M. & Young, V. R. (1983). Absorption of stable 70Zn in healthy young men in relation to zinc intake. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 187–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M. J., Jones, D. A., Edwards, R. H. T., Swainbank, I. G. & Coleman, M. L. (1984). Zinc homeostasis in man: studies using a new stable isotope-dilution technique. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 199–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janghorbani, M. & Young, V. R. (1982). Stable isotopes in studies of dietary mineral bioavailability in humans with special reference to zinc. In Clinical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Aspects of Trace Elements, pp. 447–468 [Prasad, A. S., editor]. New York: Alan R. Liss.Google Scholar
Jiang, A., Yang, N., Jiao, K., Zhu, Y., Fei, L. & Tseng, H. (1985). Postoperative fall in serum zinc concentrations unaffected by intravenous zinc therapy. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 9, 196–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keeling, P. W. N., O'Day, J., Ruse, W. & Thompson, R. P. H. (1982). Zinc deficiency and photoreceptor dysfunction in chronic liver disease. Clinical Science 62, 109–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelsay, J. L. (1983). Effect of fiber and oxalic acid on zinc balance of adult humans. In Nutritional Bioavailability of Zinc. American Chemical Society Symposium Series no. 210, pp. 127–143 [Inglett, G. E., editor]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, J. C. (1986). Assessment of techniques for determining human zinc requirements. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 86, 1523–1528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, J. C. (1987). Do women using oral contraceptive agents require extra zinc? Journal of Nutrition 117, 217–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirchgessner, M. & Weigand, E. (1983). Zinc absorption and excretion in relation to nutrition. In Metal Ions in Biological Systems, pp. 319–361 [Sigel, H., editor]. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Kivisto, B., Andersson, H., Cederblad, G., Sandberg, A.-S. & Sandstrom, B. (1986). Extrusion cooking of a high-fibre cereal product. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 255–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krebs, N. F. & Hambidge, K. M. (1986). Zinc requirements and zinc intakes of breast-fed infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, 288–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kynast, G. & Saling, E. (1986). Effect of oral zinc application during pregnancy. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 21, 117–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lykken, G. I. (1983). A whole body counting technique using ultralow doses of 59Fe and 65Zn in absorption and retention studies in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 652–662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lykken, G. I., Mahalko, J., Johnson, P. E., Milne, D., Sandstead, H. H., Garcia, W. J., Dintzis, F. R. & Inglett, G. E. (1986). Effect of browned and unbrowned corn products intrinsically labelled with 65Zn on absorption of 65Zn in humans. Journal of Nutrition 116, 795–801.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, J. T. & Margen, S. (1980). Wine versus ethanol in human nutrition. IV. Zinc balance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 1096–1102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKenzie-Parnell, J. M. & Guthrie, B. E. (1986). The phytate and mineral content of some cereals, cereal products, legumes, legume products, snack bars, and nuts available in New Zealand. Biological Trace Element Research 10, 107–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMichael, A. J., Dreosti, I. E., Gibson, G. T., Hartshorne, J. M., Buckley, R. A. & Colley, D. P. (1982). A prospective study of serial maternal serum zinc levels and pregnancy outcome. Early Human Development 7, 59–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matseshe, J. W., Phillips, S. F., Malagelada, J.-R. & McCall, J. T. (1980). Recovery of dietary iron and zinc from the proximal intestine of healthy man: studies of different meals and supplements. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 1946–1953.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meadows, N. J., Grainger, S. L., Ruse, W., Keeling, P. W. N. & Thompson, R. P. H. (1983). Oral iron and the bioavailability of zinc. British Medical Journal 287, 1013–1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Medeiros, D. M., Mazhan, A. & Brunett, E. W. (1987). Failure of oral zinc supplementation to alter hair zinc levels among healthy human males. Nutrition Research 7, 1109–1115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menard, M. P. & Cousins, R. J. (1983). Zinc transport by brush border membrane vesicles from rat intestine. Journal of Nutrition 113, 1434–1442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milne, D. B., Canfield, W. K., Mahalko, J. R. & Sandstead, H. H. (1983). Effect of dietary zinc on whole body surface loss of zinc: impact on estimation of zinc retention by balance method. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 181–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Molokhia, M., Sturniolo, G., Shields, R. & Turnberg, L. A. (1980). A simple method for measuring zinc absorption in man using a short-lived isotope (69mZn). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 881–886.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mooradian, A. D. & Morley, J. E. (1987). Micronutrient status in diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 877–895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Academy of Sciences (1980). Recommended Dietary Allowances, 9th ed. Washington, DC: National Research Council.Google Scholar
Navert, B., Sandstrom, B. & Cederblad, A. (1985). Reduction of the phytate content of bran by leavening in bread and its effect on zinc absorption in man. British Journal of Nutrition 53, 47–53.Google ScholarPubMed
Patrick, J. & Dervish, C. (1984). Leukocyte zinc in the assessment of zinc status. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 20, 95–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pattison, S. E. & Cousins, R. J. (1986). Zinc uptake and metabolism by hepatocytes. Federation Proceedings 45, 2805–2809.Google ScholarPubMed
Payton, K. B., Flanagan, P. R., Stinson, E. A., Chodirker, D. P., Chamberlain, M. J. & Valberg, L. S. (1982). Technique for determination of human zinc absorption from measurement of radioactivity in a fecal sample or the body. Gastroenterology 83, 1264–1270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peirce, P. L., Hambidge, K. M., Goss, C. H., Miller, L. V. & Fennessey, P. V. (1987). Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for the determination of zinc stable isotopes in biological samples. Analytical Chemistry 59, 2034–2037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pilch, S. M. & Senti, F. C. (1985). Analysis of zinc data from the second national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES II). Journal of Nutrition 115, 1393–1397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prasad, A. S. (1984). Discovery and importance of zinc in human nutrition. Federation Proceedings 43, 2829–2834.Google ScholarPubMed
Prasad, A. S. (1985). Clinical manifestations of zinc deficiency. Annual Review of Nutrition 5, 341–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qvist, I., Abdulla, M., Jagerstad, M. & Svensson, S. (1986). Iron, zinc and folate status during pregnancy and two months after delivery. Acta Obstetrica et Gyńecologica Scandinavica 65, 15–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Record, I. R., Record, S. J., Dreosti, I. E. & Rohan, T. E. (1985). Dietary zinc intake of pre-menopausal women. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 39A, 363–369.Google Scholar
Ruz, M. (1984). Recommended zinc intake for the first six months of life. Nutrition Research 4, 923–927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandstead, H. H. (1985). Zinc: essentiality for brain development and function. Nutrition Reviews 43, 129–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandstrom, B., Cederblad, A., Kivisto, B., Stenquist, B. & Andersson, H. (1986). Retention of zinc and calcium from the human colon. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 501–504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandstrom, B., Davidsson, L., Lundell, L. & Olbe, L. (1987 a). Zinc status and dark adaptation in patients subjected to total gastrectomy: effect of zinc supplementation. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 41C, 235–242.Google Scholar
Sandstrom, B., Kivisto, B. & Cederblad, A. (1987 b). Absorption of zinc from soy protein meals in humans. Journal of Nutrition 117, 321–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scholmerich, J., Krauss, E., Wietholtz, H., Kottgen, E., Lohle, E. & Gerok, W. (1987). Bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes. II. Studies on patients with liver cirrhosis and the influence of the time of application. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 1487–1491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seal, C. J. & Heaton, F. W. (1987). Zinc transfer among proteins in rat duodenum mucosa. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 31, 55–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheldon, W. L., Aspillaga, M. O., Smith, P. A. & Lind, T. (1985). The effects of oral iron supplementation on zinc and magnesium levels during pregnancy. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 92, 892–898.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmer, K., Iles, C. A., Slavin, B., Keeling, P. W. N. & Thompson, R. P. H. (1987 a). Maternal nutrition and intrauterine growth retardation Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 41C, 193–197.Google Scholar
Simmer, K., Iles, C. A., James, C. & Thompson, R. P. H. (1987 b). Are iron-folate supplements harmful? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 122–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmer, K. & Thompson, R. P. H. (1985). Maternal zinc and intrauterine growth retardation. Clinical Science 68, 395–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmer, K. & Thompson, R. P. H. (1986). Zinc and the fetus. Journal of the Royal Society of Health 5, 166–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomons, N. W. (1979). On the assessment of zinc and copper nutriture in man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 856–871.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Solomons, N. W. (1982). Biological availability of zinc in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35, 1048–1075.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Solomons, N. W. & Cousins, R. J. (1984). Zinc. In Absorption and Malabsorption of Mineral Nutrients, pp. 125–197 [Solomons, N. W. and Rosenberg, I. H., editors]. New York: Alan R. Liss.Google Scholar
Solomons, N. W. & Jacobs, R. A. (1981). Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in man. IV. Effect of heme and nonheme iron on the absorption of zinc. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34, 475–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomons, N. W., Marchini, J. S., Duarte-Favaro, R., Vannuchi, H. & Dutra de Oliveira, J. E. (1983). Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: intestinal interaction of tin and zinc. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 566–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Song, M. K. (1987). Low-molecular-weight zinc-binding ligand: a regulatory modulator for intestinal zinc transport. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 87A, 223–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, H., Kramer, L. & Osis, D. (1983). Zinc balances in humans during different intakes of calcium and phosphorus. In Nutritional Bioavailability of Zinc. American Chemical Society Symposium Series no. 210, pp. 223–232 [Inglett, G. E., editor]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, J. F. & Lankford, H. G. (1965). Zinc metabolism and chronic alcoholism. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 17, 57–63.Google ScholarPubMed
Swanson, C. A. & King, J. C. (1987). Zinc and pregnancy outcome. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 763–771.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swanson, C. A., Turnland, J. R. & KIng, J. C. (1983). Effect of dietary zinc sources and pregnancy on zinc utilization in adult women fed controlled diets. Journal of Nutrition 113, 2557–2567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takagi, Y., Okada, A., Itakura, T. & Kawashima, Y. (1986). Clinical studies of zinc metabolism during total parenteral nutrition as related to zinc deficiency. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 10, 195–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taper, L. J., Oliva, J. T. & Ritchey, S. J. (1985). Zinc and copper retention during pregnancy: the adequacy of prenatal diets with and without supplementation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 1184–1192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, A. J., Bunker, V. W., Brennan, E. & Clayton, B. E. (1986). The trace element content on hospital meals and potential low intake by elderly patients. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 40A, 440–446.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. J., Bunker, V. W., Hinks, L. J., Sodha, N., Mullee, M. A. & Clayton, B. E. (1988). Energy, protein, zinc and copper status of twenty-one elderly inpatients: analysed dietary intake and biochemical indices. British Journal of Nutrition 59, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornalley, P. J. & Vasak, M. (1985). Possible role for metallothionein in protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Kinetics and mechanism of its reaction with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 827, 36–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turnland, J. R., Durkin, N., Costa, F. & Margen, S. (1986). Stable isotope studies of zinc absorption and retention in young and elderly men. Journal of Nutrition 116, 1239–1247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnland, J. R., King, J. C., Keyes, W. R., Gong, B. & Michel, M. C. (1984). A stable isotope study of zinc absorption in young men: effects of phytate and α-cellulose. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40, 1071–1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuttle, S., Aggett, P. J., Campbell, D. & MacGillivray, I. (1985). Zinc and copper nutrition in human pregnancy: a longitudinal study in normal primigravidae and in primigravidae at risk of delivering a growth-retarded baby. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 1032–1041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vanderkooy, P. D. S. & Gibson, R. S. (1987). Food consumption patterns of Canadian preschool children in relation to zinc and growth status. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 609–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, L., Turnland, J. R. & King, J. C. (1985). Zinc utilization in young men fed adequate and low zinc intakes. Journal of Nutrition 115, 1345–1354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallwork, J. C. (1987). Zinc and the central nervous system. Progress In Food and Nutrition Science 11, 203–247.Google ScholarPubMed
Walravens, P. A., Hambidge, K. M. & Koepfer, D. (1988). Zinc supplements in infants with failure to thrive: effects on growth. In Trace Element Metabolism in Animals and Man - 6 [Hurley, L. S., Lonnerdale, B., Keen, C. L. and Rucker, R., editors]. New York: Plenum. (In the Press).Google Scholar
Ward, N. I., Watson, R. & Bryce-Smith, D. (1987). Placental element levels in relation to fetal development for obstetrically ‘normal’ births: a study of 37 elements. Evidence for effects of cadmium, lead and zinc on fetal growth, and for smoking as a source of cadmium. International Journal of Biosocial Research 9, 63–81.Google Scholar
Wastney, M. E., Aamodt, R. L., Rumble, W. F. & Henkin, R. I. (1986). Kinetic analysis of zinc metabolism and its regulation in normal humans. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 20, R398–R408.Google Scholar
Watson, W. S., McLauchlan, G., Lyon, D. T. B., Pattie, I. & Crean, G. P. (1988). Zinc absorption in pancreatic insufficiency. In Trace Element Metabolism in Animals and Man - 6 [Hurley, L. S., Lonnerdale, B., Keen, C. L. and Rucker, R., editors]. New York: Plenum. (In the Press).Google Scholar
Weismann, K. & Hoyer, H. (1985). Serum alkaline phosphatase and serum zinc levels in the diagnosis and exclusion of zinc deficiency in man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 1214–1219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1973). Trace Elements in Human Health, p. 13. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, A. W., Dunham, B. S., Nochimson, D. J., Kaplan, B. M., Clive, J. M. & Kunkel, S. L. (1984). Zinc transport in pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 149, 523–529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed