Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T14:08:22.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Non-Haematological Aspects of Iron Nutrition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

D. D. Ramdath
Affiliation:
Wellcome Trace Element Research Group, Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
M. H. N. Golden
Affiliation:
Wellcome Trace Element Research Group, Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1989

References

REFERENCES

Adams, E. B. & Scragg, J. N. (1965). Iron in the anaemia of kwashiorkor. British Journal of Haematology 2, 676681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, E. B., Scragg, J. N., Naidoo, B. T., Liljestrand, S. K. & Cockram, V. I. (1967). Observations on the aetiology and treatment of anaemia in kwashiorkor. British Medical Journal ii, 451454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agarwal, D. K., Upadhyay, S. K., Tripathi, A. M. & Agarwal, K. N. (1987). Nutritional status, physical work capacity and mental function in school children. Nutrition Foundation of India Scientific Report no. 6. New Delhi: Nutrition Foundation of India.Google Scholar
Aisen, P. & Listowsky, I. (1980). Iron transport and storage proteins. Annual Review of Biochemistry 49, 357393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alleyne, G. A. O., Hay, R. W., Picou, D. I., Standfield, J. P. & Whitehead, R. G. (1977). Protein-energy Malnutrition. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Antia, A. U., McFarlane, H. & Soothill, J. F. (1968). Serum siderophilin in kwashiorkor. Archives of Disease in Childhood 43, 459462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babior, B. M. (1978 a). Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes. New England Journal of Medicine 298, 659668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babior, B. M. (1978 b). Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes. New England Journal of Medicine 298, 721725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babior, B. M. (1984). The respiratory burst of phagocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation 73, 599601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bacon, B. R., Tavill, A. S., Brittenham, G. M., Park, C. H. & Recknagel, R. O. (1985). Hepatotoxicity of chronic iron overload: role of lipid peroxidation. In Free Radicals in Liver Injury, pp. 4957 [Poli, G., Cheeseman, K. H., Dianzani, M. U. and Slater, T. F., editors]. Oxford: IRL Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Barclay, R. (1985). The role of iron in infection. Medical Laboratory Sciences 42, 166177.Google ScholarPubMed
Barry, D. M. J. & Reeve, A. W. (1977). Increased incidence of Gram-negative neonatal sepsis with intramuscular iron administration. Pediatrics 60, 908912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basta, S. S., Soekirman, B. L., Karyadi, D. & Scrimshaw, N. S. (1979). Iron deficiency anemia and the productivity of adult males in Indonesia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 916925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beard, J., Green, W., Miller, L. & Finch, C. (1984). Effect of iron-deficiency anemia on hormone levels and thermoregulation during cold exposure. American Journal of Physiology 247, R114R119.Google ScholarPubMed
Birch, H. G. & Richardson, S. A. (1972). The functioning of Jamaican school children severely malnourished during the first two years of life. In Nutrition, The Nervous System and Behavior. PAHO/WHO Scientific Publication no. 251, pp. 6472. Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Bothwell, T. H., Charlton, R. W., Cook, J. D. & Finch, C. A. (editors) (1979). Iron Metabolism in Man. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Braggs, R. B. & Miller, S. A. (1973). Nutritional iron deficiency as a determinant of host resistance in the rat. Journal of Nutrition 103, 15541560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braughler, J. M., Duncan, L. A. & Chase, R. L. (1986). The importance of iron in lipid peroxidation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 1028210289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brock, J. H. & Mainou-Fowler, T. (1986). Iron and immunity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 45, 305315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bullen, J. J. (1987). Iron and the antibacterial function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. In Iron and Infections. Molecular, Physiological and Clinical Aspects, pp. 211241 [Bullen, J. J. and Griffiths, E., editors]. London: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Bullen, J. J. & Griffiths, E., (editors) (1987). Iron and Infections. Molecular, Physiological and Clinical Aspects. London: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Caballero, B., Solomons, N. S., Batres, R. & Torun, B. (1985). Homeostatic mechanisms in the utilization of exogenous iron in children recovering from severe malnutrition. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4, 97102.Google ScholarPubMed
Caballero, B., Solomons, N. W. & Torun, B. (1983). Short-term variability of ferritin concentrations in serum of children with severe protein-energy malnutrition. Clinical Chemistry 29, 521522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chance, B., Sies, H. & Boveris, A. (1979). Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiological Reviews 59, 527605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandra, R. K. & Saraya, A. K. (1975). Impaired immunocompetence associated with iron deficiency. Journal of Pediatrics 86, 899902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheek, D. B., Hill, D. E., Cordano, A. & Graham, C. G. (1970). Malnutrition in infancy: changes in muscle and adipose tissue before and after rehabilitation. Pediatric Research 4, 135144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheeseman, K. H., Maddix, S. P., Milia, A., Chiarpotto, E., Biasi, F., Albano, E. & Poli, G. (1985). Iron-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation and the destruction of cytochrome P-450. In Free Radicals in Liver Injury, pp. 7780 [Poli, G., Cheeseman, K. H., Dianzani, M. U. and Slater, T. F., editors]. Oxford: IRL Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Christie, C., Heikens, G. T. & MacFarlane, D. E. (1985). Infections in malnourished children. West Indian Medical Journal 34, 47 Abstr.Google Scholar
Cohen, A. (1987). Management of iron overload in the pediatric patient. Pediatric Hematology 1, 521544.Google ScholarPubMed
Cook, J. D., Finch, C. A. & Smith, N. J. (1976). Evaluation of the iron status of a population. Blood 48, 449455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, J. D. & Lynch, S. R. (1986). The liabilities of iron deficiency. Blood 68, 803809.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crichton, R. R. & Charloteaux-Wauters, M. (1987). Iron transport and storage. European Journal of Biochemistry 164, 485506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dagg, J. H., Smith, J. A. & Goldberg, A. (1966). Urinary excretion of iron. Clinical Science 30, 495503.Google Scholar
Dallman, P. R. (1986). Biochemical basis for the manifestations of iron deficiency. Annual Review of Nutrition 6, 1340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dallman, P. R. & Schwartz, H. C. (1965). Distribution of cytochrome and myoglobin in rats with dietary iron deficiency. Pediatrics 35, 677686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, C. T. M., Chukweumeka, A. C. & van Haaren, J. P. M. (1973). Iron deficiency anaemia: its effect on maximum aerobic power and responses to exercise in African males aged 17–40 years. Clinical Science 44, 555562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, K. J. A., Donovan, C. M., Refino, C. J., Brooks, G. A., Packer, L. & Dallman, P. R. (1984). Distinguishing effects of anemia and muscle iron deficiency on exercise bioenergetics in the rat. American Journal of Physiology 246, E535E543.Google ScholarPubMed
Deinard, A., Gilbert, A., Dodds, M. & Egeland, B. (1981). Iron deficiency and behavioral deficits. Pediatrics 68, 828833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deinard, A. S., List, A., Lindgren, B., Hunt, J. V. & Chang, P.-N. (1986). Cognitive deficits in iron-deficient and iron-deficient anemic children. Journal of Pediatrics 108, 681689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edgerton, V. R., Diamond, L. B. & Olson, J (1977). Voluntary activity, cardiovascular and muscular responses to anemia in rats. Journal of Nutrition 107, 15951601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edgerton, V. R., Gardner, G. W., Ohira, Y., Gunawardena, K. A. & Senewiratne, B. (1979). Iron deficiency anaemia and its effect on worker productivity and activity patterns. British Medical Journal ii, 15461549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edozien, J. C. & Udeozo, I. O. K. (1960). Serum copper, iron and iron binding capacity in kwashiorkor. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 6, 6064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Esterbauer, H. (1982). Aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation. In Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation and Cancer, pp. 101128 [McBrian, D. C. H. and Slater, T. F., editors]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Esterbauer, H. (1985). Lipid peroxidation products: formation, chemical properties and biological activities. In Free Radicals in Liver Injury, pp. 2947 [Poli, G., Cheeseman, K. H., Dianzani, M. U. and Slater, T. F., editors]. Oxford: IRL Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Evans, D. I. K. (1985). Cerebral function in iron deficiency: a review. Child Care, Health and Development 11, 105112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairbanks, V. F., Fahey, J. L. & Beutler, E. (1971). Clinical Disorders of Iron Metabolism, 2nd ed. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Finch, C. A. & Heubers, H. (1982). Perspectives in iron metabolism. New England Journal of Medicine 306, 15201528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finch, C. A., Miller, L. R., Inamdar, A. R., Person, R., Seiler, K. & Mackler, B. (1976). Iron deficiency in the rat. Physiological and biochemical studies of muscle dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Investigation 58, 447453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, G. W., Edgerton, V. R., Barnard, R. J. & Bernauer, A. W. (1975). Cardiorespiratory, hematological and physical performance responses of anemic subjects to iron treatment. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 28, 982988.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, G. W., Edgerton, V. R., Senewiratne, B., Barnard, R. J. & Ohira, Y. (1977). Physical work capacity and metabolic stress in subjects with iron deficiency anemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 910917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gillman, J. & Gillman, T. (1951). Perspectives in Human Nutrition. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Golden, M. H. N. (1985). The consequences of protein deficiency in man and its relationship to the features of kwashiorkor. In Nutritional Adaptation in Man, pp. 169187 [Blaxter, K. and Waterlow, J. C., editors]. London: Applied Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Golden, M. H. N., Golden, B. E. & Bennett, F. I. (1985 a). High ferritin values in Jamaican malnourished children. In Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals, vol. 5, pp. 775779, [Mills, C. F., Bremner, I. and Chesters, J. K., editors]. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Golden, M. H. N., Golden, B. E. & Bennett, F. I. (1985 b). Relationship of trace element deficiencies to malnutrition. In Trace Elements in Nutrition of Children, pp. 85207 [Chandra, R. K., editor]. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Golden, M. H. N. & Ramdath, D. (1987). Free radicals in the pathogenesis of kwashiorkor. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 46, 5368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordeuk, V. R., Bacon, B. R. & Brittenham, G. M. (1987). Iron overload: causes and consequences. Annual Review of Nutrition 7, 485508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffiths, E. & Bullen, J. J. (1987). Iron binding proteins and host defense. In Iron and Infections. Molecular, Physiological and Clinical Aspects, pp. 171209 [Bullen, J. J. and Griffiths, E., editors]. London: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Guiro, A. T., Sall, M. G., Kane, O., Ndiaye, A. M., Diarra, D. & Sy, M. T. A. (1987). Protein-calorie malnutrition in Senegalese children. Effects of rehabilitation with pearl millet weaning food. Nutrition Reports International 36, 10711079.Google Scholar
Gutteridge, J. M. C., Rowley, D. A. & Halliwell, B. (1983). Superoxide-dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of iron salts. Biochemical Journal 199, 263265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagler, L., Askew, E. W., Neville, J. R., Mellick, P. W., Coppes, R. I. & Lowder, J. F. (1981). Influence of dietary iron deficiency on hemoglobin, myoglobin, their respective reductases, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34, 21692177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halliwell, B. & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1984). Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochemical Journal 219, 114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halliwell, B. & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1985 a). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Halliwell, B. & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1985 b). The importance of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human diseases. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 8, 89193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halliwell, B. & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1986). Oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: some problems and concepts. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 246, 501514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hambidge, K. M. (1985). Clinical deficiencies: when to suspect there is a problem. In Trace Elements in Nutrition of Children, pp. 115 [Chandra, R. K., editor]. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Harju, E., Pakarinen, A. & Larmi, T. (1984). A comparison between serum ferritin concentration and the amount of bone marrow stainable iron. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 44, 555556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hershko, C. & Peto, T. E. A. (1987). Non-transferrin bound plasma iron. British Journal of Haematology 66, 149151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson-Thomas, M. A., Ramdath, D. & Golden, M. H. N. (1988). Iron in malnutrition. West Indian Medical Journal 37 (Suppl.) 26 (Abstr.)Google Scholar
Jacobs, A. (1977). Low molecular weight intracellular iron transport compounds. Blood 50, 433439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, A. (1982). Non-haematological aspects of iron deficiency. Clinics in Haematology 11, 353365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobs, A. (1987). Iron metabolism. In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 2nd ed., pp. 7883 [Weatherall, D. J., Ledingman, D. J. and Warrell, D. A., editors]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobs, A. & Worwood, M. (1975). Ferritin in serum. Clinical and biochemical implications. New England Journal of Medicine 292, 951956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, A. & Worwood, M., (editors) (1980). Iron in Biochemistry and Medicine. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Keusch, G. T. & Farthing, M. J. G. (1986). Nutrition and infection. Annual Review of Nutrition 6, 131154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kondi, A., MacDougall, L., Foy, H., Mehta, S. & Mbaya, V. (1963). Anaemias of marasmus and kwashiorkor in Kenya. Archives of Disease in Childhood 38, 267275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koziol, B. J., Ohira, Y., Simpson, D. R. & Edgerton, V. R. (1978). Biochemical, skeletal muscle and hematological profiles of moderate and severely iron deficient and anemic adult rats. Journal of Nutrition 108, 13061314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kulapongs, P., Vithayasai, V., Suskind, R. & Olson, R. E. (1974). Cell-mediated immunity and phagocytosis and killing function in children with severe iron-deficiency anaemia. Lancet ii, 689691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lentner, C., (editor) (1984). Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th ed. p. 85. Basle: International Medical and Pharmaceutical Information Ciba-Geigy Limited.Google Scholar
Lipschitz, D. A., Cook, J. D. & Finch, C. A. (1974). A clinical evaluation of serum ferritin as an index of iron stores. New England Journal of Medicine 290, 12131216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lozoff, B., Brittenham, G. M., Viteri, F. E., Wolf, A. W. & Urrutia, J. J. (1982 a). The effects of short-term oral therapy on developmental deficits in iron-deficient anemic infants. Journal of Pediatrics 100, 351357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lozoff, B., Brittenham, G. M., Viteri, F. E., Wolf, A. W. & Urrutia, J. J. (1982 b). Developmental deficits in iron-deficient infants: effects of age and severity of iron lack. Journal of Pediatrics 101, 948952.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lozoff, B., Brittenham, G. M., Wolf, A. W., McClish, D. K., Kuhnert, P. M., Jimenez, E., Jimenez, R., Mora, L. A., Gomez, I. & Krauskoph, D. (1987). Iron deficiency anemia and iron therapy effects on infant developmental test performance. Pediatrics 79, 981995.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynch, S. R., Becker, D., Seftel, H., Bothwell, T. H., Stevens, K. & Metz, J. (1970). Iron absorption in kwashiorkor. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 23, 792797.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCord, J. M. & Fridovich, I. (1969). Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 244, 60496055.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McFarlane, H., Reddy, S., Adcock, K. J., Adeshina, H., Cooke, A. R. & Akene, J. (1970). Immunity, transferrin, and survival in kwashiorkor. British Medical Journal ii, 268270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKay, R. H., Higuchi, D. A., Winder, W. W., Fell, R. D. & Brown, E. B. (1983). Tissue effects of iron deficiency in the rat. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 757, 352358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackler, B. & Finch, C. (1982). Iron in central nervous system oxidative metabolism. In Iron Deficiency: Brain Biochemistry and Behavior pp. 3156 [Pollitt, E. and Leibel, R. L., editors]. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Mackler, B., Grace, R. & Finch, C. A. (1984). Iron deficiency in the rat: effects on oxidative metabolism in distinct types of skeletal muscle. Pediatric Research 18, 499500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackler, B., Person, R., Miller, L. R., Inamdar, A. R. & Finch, C. A. (1978). Iron deficiency in the rat: biochemical studies of brain metabolism. Pediatric Research 12, 217220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaren, D. S., Faris, R. & Zekian, B. (1968). The liver during recovery from protein-calorie malnutrition. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71, 271281.Google ScholarPubMed
Masawe, A. E. J. & Rwabwogo-Atenyi, J. (1973). Serum protein and transferrin determinations to distinguish kwashiorkor from iron deficiency anaemia. Archives of Disease in Childhood 48, 927931.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masini, A., Trenti, T., Ceccarelli, D. & Ventura, E. (1985). The effect of ferric iron complex on rat liver mitochondria: lipid peroxidation and Ca2+ transport. In Free Radicals in Liver Injury, pp. 135138 [Poli, G., Cheeseman, K. H., Dianzani, M. U. and Slater, T. F., editors]. Oxford: IRL Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Mayfield, S. R., Shaul, P. W., Oh, W. & Stonestreet, B. S. (1987). Anemia blunts the thermogenic response to environmental cold stress in newborn piglets. Pediatric Research 21, 482486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miles, J., Golden, M. H. N., Ramdath, D. & Golden, B. (1988). Hepatic trace elements in kwashiorkor. In Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals, vol. 6, pp. 497498. [L. Hurley, S., Keen, C. L., Lonnerdal, B. and Rucker, R. B., editors]. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milman, M., Pedersen, N. S. & Visfeldt, J. (1983). Serum ferritin in healthy Danes: relation to marrow haemosiderin iron stores. Danish Medical Bulletin 30, 115120.Google ScholarPubMed
Minotti, G. & Aust, S. D. (1987). The requirement for iron(III) in the initiation of lipid peroxidation by iron(II) and hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262, 10981104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mönckeberg, F., Vildósola, J., Figueroa, M., Oxman, S. & Meneghello, J. (1962). Hematologic disturbances in infantile malnutrition. Values for copper, iron, paraphenylene diamine oxidase and iron-binding capacity in the serum. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 11, 525529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, L. L. & Humbert, J. R. (1984). Neutrophil bactericidal dysfunction towards oxidant radical-sensitive microorganisms during experimental iron deficiency. Pediatric Research 18, 789794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukherjee, K. L. & Sarkar, N. K. (1958). Liver enzymes in human undernutrition. British Journal of Nutrition 12, 17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murakawa, H., Bland, C. E., Wills, W. T. & Dallman, P. R. (1987). Iron deficiency and neutrophil function: different rates of correction of the depressions in oxidative burst and myeloperoxidase activity after iron treatment. Blood 69, 14641468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, M. J., Murray, A. B. & Murray, C. J. (1980). The salutary effect of milk on amoebiasis and its reversal by iron. British Medical Journal i, 13511352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, M. J., Murray, A. B., Murray, C. J. & Murray, M. B. (1975). Refeeding-malaria and hyperferraemia. Lancet i, 653654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, M. J., Murray, A. B., Murray, M. B. & Murray, C. J. (1978). The adverse effect of iron repletion on the course of certain infections. British Medical Journal ii, 113115.Google Scholar
Nichols, B., Alleyne, G. A. O., Barnes, D. J. & Hazelwood, C. F. (1969). Relationship between muscle potassium and total body potassium in infants with malnutrition. Journal of Pediatrics 74, 4957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oppenheimer, S. J., Gibson, F. D., MacFarlane, S. B., Moody, J. B., Harrison, C., Spencer, A. & Bunari, O. (1986 a). Iron supplementation increases prevalence and effects of malaria: report on clinical studies in Papua New Guinea. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 80, 603612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oppenheimer, S. J. & Hendrickse, R. (1983). The clinical effects of iron deficiency and iron supplementation. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 53, 585598.Google Scholar
Oppenheimer, S. J., MacFarlane, S. B. J., Moody, J. B., Bunari, O. & Hendrickse, R. G. (1986 b). Effect of iron prophylaxis on morbidity due to infectious disease: report on clinical studies in Papua New Guinea. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 80, 596602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oski, F. A. & Honig, A. S. (1978). The effects of therapy on developmental scores of iron deficient infants. Journal of Pediatrics 92, 2125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oski, F. A., Honig, A. S., Helu, B. & Howanitz, P. (1983). Effect of iron therapy on behavior performance in nonanemic, iron-deficient infants. Pediatrics 71, 877880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palti, H., Meijer, A. & Adler, B. (1985). Learning achievement and behavior at school of anemic and non-anemic infants. Early Human Development 10, 217223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pollitt, E. & Leibel, R. L. (1976). Iron deficiency and behavior. Journal of Pediatrics 88, 372381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pollitt, E. & Leibel, R. L., (editors) (1982). Iron Deficiency: Brain Biochemistry and Behavior. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Pollitt, E., Leibel, R. L. & Greenfield, D. B. (1983). Iron deficiency and cognitive test performance in preschool Children. Nutrition and Behavior 1, 137146.Google Scholar
Pollitt, E., Saco-Pollitt, C., Leibel, R. L. & Viteri, F. E. (1986). Iron deficiency and behavorial development in infants and preschool children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, 555565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robotham, J. L. & Lietman, P. S. (1980). Acute iron poisoning – a review. American Journal of Diseases of Children 134, 875879.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robotham, J. L., Troxler, R. F. & Lietman, P. S. (1974). Iron poisoning: another energy crisis. Lancet ii, 664665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowland, M. G. M., Cole, T. J. & Whitehead, R. G. (1977). A quantitative study into the role of infection in determining nutritional status in Gambian village children. British Journal of Nurrition 37, 441450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salmon, H. A. (1962). The Cytochrome c content of the heart. Kidney, liver and skeletal muscle of iron-deficient rats. Journal of Physiology 164, 1730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandstead, H. H. (1986). A brief history of the influence of trace elements on brain function. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, 293298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandstead, H. H., Gabr, M. K., Azzam, S., Shuky, A. S., Weiler, R. J., El Din, O. M., Mokhtar, N., Prasad, A. S., El Hifney, A. & Darby, W. J. (1965). Kwashiorkor in Egypt. II. Hematologic aspects (the occurrence of a macrocytic anemia associated with low serum vitamin E and a wide range of serum vitamin B12 levels). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 17, 2735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scrimshaw, N. S. (1984). Functional consequences of iron deficiency in human populations. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 30, 4763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slater, T. F. (1984). Free-radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Biochemical Journal 222, 115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slater, T. F., Cheeseman, K. H., Davies, M. J., Proudfoot, K. & Xin, W. (1987). Free radical mechanisms in relation to tissue injury. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 46, 112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soemantri, A. G., Pollitt, E. & Kim, I. (1985). Iron deficiency anemia and educational achievement. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 12211228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sourkes, T. L. (1982). Transition elements and the nervous system. In Iron Deficiency: Brain Biochemistry and Behavior, pp. 129 [Pollitt, E. and Leibel, R. L., editors]. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Srikantia, S. G. (1958). Ferritin in nutritional oedema. Lancet i, 667668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stockman, J. A. (1981). Infections and iron: too much of a good thing? American Journal of Diseases of Children 135, 1820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strauss, R. G. (1978). Iron deficiency, infections and immune function: a reassessment. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31, 660666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swarup-Mitra, S. & Sinha, A. K. (1984). Cell mediated immunity in nutritional anaemia. Indian Journal of Nutritional Research 79, 354362.Google ScholarPubMed
Theil, E. C. (1987). Ferritin: structure, gene regulation, and cellular function in animals, plants and microorganisms. Annual Review of Biochemistry 56, 289315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trenti, T., Botti, B., Dessi, M. A., Predieri, G. & Masini, A. (1986). Structural and functional properties of rat liver mitochondria in experimental iron overload. 1. Iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. IRCS Medical Sciences 14, 837838.Google Scholar
Viteri, F. E. & Torun, B. (1974). Anaemia and physical work capacity. Clinics in Haematology 3, 482486.Google Scholar
Vladimirov, Y. A., Olenev, V. I., Suslova, T. B. & Cheremisina, Z. P. (1980). Lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membrane. Advances in Lipid Research 17, 173249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voorhess, M. L., Stuart, M. J., Stockman, J. A. & Oski, F. A. (1975). Iron deficiency anemia and increased urinary norepinephrine excretion. Journal of Pediatrics 86, 542547.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walter, T., Arredondo, S., Arévalo, M. & Stekel, A. (1986). Effect of iron therapy on phagocytosis and bactericidal activity in neutrophils of iron-deficient infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 877882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, T., Kovalskys, J. & Stekel, A. (1983). Effect of mild iron deficiency on infant mental development scores. Journal of Pediatrics 102, 519522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warren, P. J., Hansen, J. D. L. & Lehmann, B. H. (1969). The concentration of copper, zinc and manganese in the liver of African children with marasmus and kwashiorkor. Proceedings ofthe Nutrition Society 28, 6A7A.Google ScholarPubMed
Waterlow, J. C. (1948). Fatty liver disease in infants in the British West Indies. Medical Research Council Special Report Series no. 263. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Waterlow, J. C. (1961). Oxidative phosphorylation in the liver of normal and malnourished human infants. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 155, 96114.Google ScholarPubMed
Webb, T. E. & Oski, F. A. (1973). Iron deficiency anemia and scholastic achievement in young adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics 82, 827830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberg, E. D. (1984). Iron withholding: a defense against infection and neoplasia. Physiological Reviews 64, 65102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberg, J. (1982). Behavioral and physiological effects of early iron deficiency in the rat. In Iron Deficiency: Brain Biochemistry and Behavior, pp. 93123 [Pollitt, E. and Leibel, R. L., editors]. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Williams, C. D. (1935). Kwashiorkor. Lancet ii, 11511152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worwood, M., Cragg, S. J., Wagstaff, M. & Jacobs, A. (1979). Binding of human serum ferritin to concanavalin A. Clinical Science 56, 8387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed