Towards a Date for the Similitudes of Enoch. An Historical Approach

J. C. Hindley

doi:10.1017/S0028688500018828

Towards a Date for the Similitudes of Enoch. An Historical Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2009

J. C. Hindley

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J. C. Hindley: Affiliation:
Serampore, India

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Type: Short Studies
Information: New Testament Studies , Volume 14 , Issue 4 , July 1968 , pp. 551 - 565

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688500018828 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1968

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^{page 551 note 1} Tödt, H. E.Der Menschensohn in der synoptischen Überlieferung, Gütersloh, Gerd Mohn, 2. Aufl. 1963 (ET, The son of man in the Synoptic Tradition, London, S.C.M. Press, 1965);Google ScholarHiggins, A. J. B.Jesus and the Son of Man (London, Lutterworth Press, 1964).Google Scholar

^{page 551 note 2} Op. cit. p. 19.

^{page 552 note 1} Op. cit. p. 15.

^{page 552 note 2} Most recently expressed by Moule, C. F. D., The Phenomenon of the New Testament (London, S.C.M. Press, 1967), p. 34, n. 21.Google Scholar

^{page 552 note 3} This study has necessarily been undertaken on the basis of R. H. Charles's translation of the Ethiopic text. However, Mr M. A. Knibb of King's College, London, has kindly read the article and assures me that a study of the Ethiopic text would not require a modification of my arguments.

^{page 552 note 4} Sjöberg, E., Der Menschensohn im Äthiopischen Henochbuch (Lund, 1946).Google Scholar

^{page 553 note 1} Op. cit. p. 38.

^{page 553 note 2} Dillmann, Das Buch Henoch, pp. 174 f.

^{page 554 note 1} Kahle, P., Theologische Literaturzeitung (1957), p. 644Google ScholarSchweizer, E., ‘The Son of Man again’, N.T.S. IX, 256–61Google ScholarMilik, J. T., Ten years of Discovery in the Wilderness of Judaea (1954), p. 33Google ScholarBlack, M. (in a private communication).Google Scholar

^{page 554 note 2} The Cambridge Ancient History, x, 273–9.

^{page 554 note 3} C.A.H. X, 747.

^{page 554 note 4} Josephus, Ant. XVIII, 102. (All citations from Josephus are of the text found in the Loeb Cassical Library.)

^{page 554 note 5} C.A.H. x, 754–73.

^{page 555 note 1} Josephus, Ant. xx, 34 ff.

^{page 555 note 2} Josephus, B.J. 11, 388.

^{page 555 note 3} C.A.H. X, 765 f.

^{page 555 note 4} Josephus, Ant. XVIII, 250.

^{page 556 note 1} Clark, K. W., ‘Worship in the Jerusalem Temple after A.D. 70’, in N.T.S. VI (1960), 269–80.Google Scholar

^{page 556 note 2} So H. C. O. Lanchester in R. H. Charles, Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, 11, 373.

^{page 556 note 3} Cf. B. W. Henderson's judgement, ‘Not even Caligula in all his madness could have devised a provocation more sure in its result’. (The Life and Principate of the Emperor Hadrian, p. 214.)

^{page 556 note 4} Eusebius, H.E. IV, 6, 3. Tertullian, Adv. Jud. XIII, 4. (Some historians have suggested that this edict was one of the causes of the revolt, e.g. E. T. Salmon, A History of the Roman World, 30 B.C. to A.D. 138.)

^{page 557 note 1} C.A.H. XI, 144.

^{page 557 note 2} Moore, G. F., Judaism, 11, 354. Cf. Klausner, J., The Messianic Idea in Israel (ET 1956), pp. 432 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 558 note 1} The narrative follows that of J. R. Longden, C.A.H. XI, 236 ff. The principal ancient sources are: Dio Cassius, Epitome LXVIII, 17–33 (cited from the Loeb Classical Library); M. Cornelius Fronto, Principia Historiae (ditto); Johannes Malalas XI (cited from von Stauffenberg, see p. 559, n. 1); Arrian, Parthica (fragments).

^{page 558 note 2} Dio Cassius LXVIII (29), LXXV (31) and Fronto 16.

^{page 559 note 1} I have consulted the following: Hauler, E., ‘Zu Frontos Principia Historiae’, Wiener Studien, XXXVIII (1916), 166–75Google Scholarvon Stauffenberg, Alexander Schenk Graf, Die Römische Kaisergeschichte bei Malalas (Stuttgart, 1931)Google ScholarLongden, J. R., ‘Notes on the Parthian Campaigns of Trajan’, Journal of Roman Studies, XXI (1931), 1 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 559 note 2} Suidas, Lexicon s.v. Sanatruces: Σανατρоùκης, Aρμενíων βασιλεùς, ὂς τò μέν σ⋯μα ξùμμετρоν εĩχε, τήν γν ώμ ην δέμέγας έτùγχαν ενε íς ἃπαντα, оὐχ ἤκιστα δέ εîς ἓρ Φολέμια. έδόκει δέ καί το⋯ δικαίυ ϕ⋯λαξ ⋯κ⋯ι βηςγενέσ, θα⋯ κ⋯ τáε íήτ ηνδíαιτ ανĩ σακ íτоι ςκρατìστоις Eλλήνων τε καí Pωμαíων κεκоλασμένоς.

^{page 560 note 1} Dio Cassius LXXIV (30).

^{page 560 note 2} Malalas XI, 274.

^{page 561 note 1} Dio Cassius LXVIII, 32; Eusebius, H.E. IV, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 11, 90. Also the inscriptional and papyrological evidence, some of which can be found in E. Mary Smallwood, Documents illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian (1966), nos. 58 (Egypt), 59–60 (Cyprus).

^{page 561 note 2} Cf. Neusner, J., A History of the Jews in Babylonia (1965), p. 72.Google Scholar

^{page 561 note 3} Cf. Dio Cassius LXVIII, 26.

^{page 562 note 1} Isa. xi. 16; xl. 3; xlix. 11; Ixii. 10. Even in Isa. xix. 23 (‘a highway from Egypt to Assyria’) the highway is for the worship of the Lord.

^{page 562 note 2} C.A.H. XI, 238.

^{page 563 note 1} R. H. Charles gives to chapters lxxxiii–lxxxiv the heading ‘First Dream Vision of the Deluge’, but in fact they contain no mention of flood.

^{page 563 note 2} The sixth Sign of the End comprises ‘earthquakes and terrors’. It is unfortunate that the seventh Sign, which might have referred to flood, is missing.

^{page 563 note 3} Just possibly Sib. Or. III. 459 may be counted an exception, where, following the earthquake, it is said, ‘the earth shall be drenched by boiling water and the stupified earth shall drink in mist as well’. But this seems to be a quite different phenomenon.

^{page 565 note 1} Is it not as plausible to assume this as the reverse relationship with regard to the only really Striking indication of a possible literary relationship between the Similitudes and the Gospels, viz. the comparison of Matt. xxv. 31 ff. with the scenes of judgement in Sim. En. xlv and Ixii?

^{page 565 note 2} Cf. N. Perrin's recent exposition of the possibility that ‘in the course of the development of the Enoch saga the translation of Enoch has been interpreted in terms of Ezekiel i and Daniel vii. Rediscovering the Teaching of Jesus (1967), pp. 167–70—a book which only came to hand after this article was completed.

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Towards a Date for the Similitudes of Enoch. An Historical Approach

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