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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2009
The first scholar to give information concerning the St Adalbert Codex was T. Trzciński, in his published catalogue of the manuscripts in the Chapter Library of Gniezno. On the basis of the details noted by Trzciński and probably on the basis of his own review of the manuscripts as well, W. Semkowicz published several palaeographical notes on the St Adalbert Codex (= AC) along with a photograph of p. 267 of the document. Apart from these summary notices, the codex in question has not been further studied.
page 256 note 1 Trzciński, T., ‘Średniowieczne rgkopisy biblioteki kapitulnej w Gnieźnie’, Roczniki Towarzystwa Przyjaciól Nauk Poznańskiego, xxxv (1908), 187 f.;Google Scholaridem, , Katalog rekopisów biblioteki kapitulnej w Gnieźnie az do pocza¸tku w. XVI (Poznań, 1910), pp. vi f.Google Scholar
page 256 note 2 Semkowicz, W., Paleografia lacińska (Cracow, 1951), pp. 298 f.Google Scholar(cf. also Hornowska, M. and Zdzitowiecka, H. Jasieńska, Zbiory re¸kopiśmienne w Polsce średniowiecznej, Warsaw, 1947, p. 251).Google Scholar
page 256 note 3 For my investigation, I made use of film no. 14070, taken 27 March 1958 by the microfilm division of the Polish National Library at Warsaw. Thanks to the kindness of the staff of this library, I was able to use the film in Lublin; hence I should like to express my gratitude to the directors of the Polish National Library. My gratitude is likewise due to the directors of the University Library of Upsala, the Royal Library of Stockholm, the Jagiellonian Library of Cracow and the Main Library of the Catholic University of Lublin for access to their collections.
page 256 note 4 For a photograph, cf. Semkowicz, , op. cit. p. 299.Google Scholar
page 256 note 5 Ibid. p. 298.
page 257 note 1 Cf. Sawicka, S., ‘Ewangeliarz gnieźnieński’, in Slownik starozytności slowiańskich, I, 465.Google Scholar
page 257 note 2 At the time I looked through AC in June 1963 the binding was already changed; now AC is bound in red plush.
page 257 note 3 Trzciński, art. cit. p. 187.Google Scholar
page 257 note 4 We shall adhere to this pagination throughout this article.
page 257 note 5 Trzciński, art. cit. p. 188Google Scholar, also refers to the script and the calendar of AC as criteria speaking in favour of the year 800 as the date of the writing of this codex.
page 258 note 1 For a photograph, cf. Rand, E. K., The Earliest Book of Tours with Supplementary Descriptions of Other Manuscripts of Tours (Studies in the Script of Tours, 2) (Cambridge, Mass).Google Scholar, The Earliest Book of Tours with Supplementary Descriptions of Other Manuscripts of Tours (Studies in the Script of Tours, 2) (Cambridge, Mass., 1934), pl. XLV, 2–3.Google Scholar Concerning this codex, cf. p. 262, n. 8.
page 258 note 2 Concerning this fragment, cf. Wordsworth, J. and White, H. J., Novum Testamentum domini nostri Jesu Christi latine secundum editionem sancti Hieronymi. I. Quattuor Evangelia (editio maior) (Oxford, 1889–1898), p. xiv.Google Scholar
page 258 note 3 Bruyne, D. De, ‘Notes sur la Bible de Tours au IX siècle’, in Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen (= GGA), CXCIII (1931), 356.Google Scholar
page 259 note 1 Jones, L. W., ‘The Text of the Bible and the Script and Art of Tours’, in Harvard Theological Review (= HTR), xxviii (1935), 146 f.Google Scholar
page 259 note 2 Bruyne, De, art. cit. pp. 355–7.Google Scholar
page 260 note 1 The ligature st was employed at Tours, though Alcuin generally avoided all ligatures (cf. Rand, E. K., ‘A Preliminary Study of Alcuin's Bible’, HTR, xxiv, 1931, 338).Google Scholar
page 260 note 2 Semkowicz, , op. cit. p. 298Google Scholar, maintains that in AC the long letters have their stems as tall as the letters are broad. His observations on this score are not accurate.
page 261 note 1 For example, on p. 267, v. 2, over the word Dominum and after the words dicite ei (cf.Google ScholarSemkowicz, , op. Cit. p. 299).Google Scholar
page 261 note 2 There are many abbreviated forms in the calendar, but only in those parts treating of feast days; after these portions, the beginning and conclusion of the Gospel text for the day are cited at length, with extremely few abbreviations.
page 261 note 3 Semkowicz, , op. cit. p. 298.Google Scholar
page 261 note 4 Loc. cit.
page 261 note 5 Trzciński, , art. cit. p. 188.Google Scholar
page 262 note 1 Köhler, W., GGA, CXCIII (1931), 332 f.Google Scholar
page 262 note 2 Rand, E. K., A Survey of the Manuscripts of Tours (Studies in the Script of Tours, I) (Cambridge, Mass., 1929), p. 9.Google Scholar
page 262 note 3 , Rand, op. cit. pp. 26, 30.Google Scholar
page 262 note 4 Fischer, B., Die Alkuin-Bibel (Aus der Geschichte der lateinischen Bibel, 1) (Freiburg im Br., 1957), p. 7;Google Scholar cf. , Rand, A Survey…, p. 9.Google Scholar
page 262 note 5 Fischer, , op. cit. table 1.Google Scholar
page 262 note 6 Ibid. table III.
page 262 note 7 Cf. Rand, , The Earliest Book of Tours, pls. XXXVI–LX.Google Scholar
page 262 note 8 Cf. p. 258, n. 1. The Zürich Bible (C1) was written at Tours during the time of Alcuin's successor, Abbot Fridugisus (807–34). For photographs, see Quentin, H., Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate (Coniectanea biblica latina, 6) (Rome and Paris, 1922), p. 271;Google ScholarCecchetti, I., ‘Alcuino’, in Enciclopedia Cattolica, 1, pl. LVIII;Google Scholar also Rand, , The Earliest Book of Tours, pls. XLIII–XLV.Google Scholar
page 262 note 9 , Semkowicz, op. cit. p. 298.Google Scholar
page 263 note 1 Codex Y and the later Codex W have the same orthography.
page 263 note 2 The reading illi, instead of illic, may have been purposely introduced into the text by way of emendation. For the word illi indicates that the wicked servant, of which the pericope speaks, will have to undergo punishment; while illic would refer to the undefined place of this punishment, to which the wicked servant along with hypocrites would be confined.
page 263 note 3 There are signs alongside this word indicating that an emendation is necessary.
page 263 note 4 Codex C has the same orthography.
page 263 note 5 Codices GR and the later Codex W have the same orthography.
page 263 note 6 The later Codex W has the same reading.
page 263 note 7 Only Codex G has the same reading.
page 263 note 8 Codices OC have the same orthography.
page 263 note 9 Instead of ex sputo. Codex I has the same orthography.
page 263 note 10 Codex G and the later Codex W have the same orthography.
page 263 note 11 Instead of ostium. Only Codices DC have the same orthography. In the following verse AC gives the same word in the form hostium, although all the codices (excepting CDGR) have ostium.
page 263 note 12 The letter m was written in later.
page 264 note 1 Another hand wrote this word in on the margin.
page 264 note 2 This word, in the form hec, was written in above by the same hand responsible for the marginal liturgical directives.
page 264 note 3 Codex O and the later Codex W have the same reading.
page 264 note 4 Codex M has the same reading.
page 264 note 5 Codex H has the same reading.
page 264 note 6 There are signs alongside this word indicating that an emendation is necessary.
page 264 note 7 Theodulph and the later Codex W have the same reading.
page 265 note 1 Codies DL have the originally written reading.
page 265 note 2 Codex G has the originally written reading.
page 265 note 3 Codices OCW have the originally written reading.
page 265 note 4 Codex Z has the originally written reading.
page 265 note 5 The Old Latin versions have the originally written readings.
page 266 note 1 Codex W has the originally written reading.
page 266 note 2 Codices EHW have the originally written reading.
page 266 note 3 The Old Latin versions and Theodulph have the originally written reading.
page 267 note 1 P. Corssen in Die Trierer Ada-Handschrift bearbeitet und herausgegeben Menzel, von K., Corssen, P.… (Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde) (Leipzig, 1889), pp. 29–61Google Scholar(this work was inaccessible).
page 267 note 2 Köhler, W., Die Schule von Tours (Berlin, 1930), pp. 336 ff.Google Scholar(this work was inaccessible) (cf. Berger, S., Histoire de la Vulgate pendant les premiers siécles du moyen áge (Paris, 1893), p. 241;Google ScholarQuentin, H., HTR, XVII (1924), 197–264;Google ScholarBruyne, D. De, GGA, cxciii (1931), 357).Google Scholar
page 267 note 3 Rand, , A Preliminary Study of Alcuin's Bible (supra, p. 260, n. I), pp. 382 f.Google Scholar
page 267 note 4 Fischer, , op. cit. p. 19.Google Scholar
page 267 note 5 Glunz, H. H., History of the Vulgate in England from Alcuin to Roger Bacon (Cambridge, 1933), pp. 30 f.Google Scholar
page 267 note 6 Rand, , A Preliminary Study of Alcuin's Bible, p. 384.Google Scholar
page 267 note 7 Jones, , art. cit. pp. 174 f.Google Scholar
page 267 note 8 The forthcoming International Greek New Testament will be equipped with a critical apparatus covering the readings of all known codices.
page 267 note 9 Colwell, E. C., ‘Method in Locating a Newly-Discovered Manuscript within the Manuscript Tradition of the Greek New Testament’, in Studia Evangelica (Texte und Untersuchungen, 73) (Berlin, 1959), pp. 758 f.Google Scholar
page 268 note 1 These codices are listed in Merk, A., Novum Testamentum grace et latine7 (Rome, 1951), pp. 42x-44xGoogle Scholar(cf. Gregory, C. R., Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes, Leipzig, 1909, p. 624Google Scholar). Since a first-hand investigation of the codices was out of the question, we based our study on the critical apparatus of the Vulgate in the edition of A. Merk as well as the edition of Wordsworth, J. and White, H. J., Novum Testamentum latine (= ed. minor, ) (Oxford, 1911)Google Scholar. We are well aware of the fact that Merk's critical apparatus is quite insufficient for our present investigation; and therefore we corrected it on the basis of the Wordsworth-White edition (ed. maior) of the Vulgate.
page 268 note 2 We follow Merk in the division of codices according to family, though the division is not perfect. The division into two classes embracing various families of codices as presented by Wordsworth and White in their edition of the New Testament (ed. maior, pp. 705–21) is undoubtedly better (cf. Lagrange, M. J., Critique textuelle. II. La critique rationelle, Paris (1935), pp. 292 f.Google Scholar). But this latter division bears mainly upon those codices which Merk numbers within the ranks of the Italian family. And since our investigation is focused upon the codices of Alcuin, we can leave Merk's Italian family without the accuracy presented in Wordsworth and White.
page 268 note 3 We have not considered insignificant differences, especially in orthography.
page 269 note 1 Bruyne, De, GGA, CXCIII (1931), 358Google Scholar, points to the lack of connexion between the manuscripts of Tours and the Irish codices.
page 271 note 1 A collation of those Gospel passages having many variant readings in the codices also pointed to Codices SHF of the Italian family and Codex T of the Hispanic family. However, because these codices show a still weaker relation to AC than the aforementioned codices of the Gallic family, we omit them from our tables.
page 271 note 2 On the connexions between the codices of Tours and Codex Z, see De Bruyne, GGA, CXCIII (1931), 357 f.Google Scholar(cf. also Wordsworth, and White, , ed. maior, p. 720).Google Scholar
page 272 note 1 Codex Ma has the reading inhorastis. This word is probably an erroneous transcription of the word inhonorastis.Google Scholar
page 273 note 1 Berger, , op. cit. pp. 47, 202, 420;Google ScholarWordsworth, and White, , Novum Testamentum, ed. maior, , pp. xiii, 720;Google ScholarGregory, , op. cit. p. 631;Google ScholarQuentin, , op. cit. p. 268;Google ScholarRand, , A Survey…, pp. toe f.;Google Scholaridem, , A Preliminary…, pp. 386–8;Google ScholarKöhler, , GGA, CXCIII1 (1931), 324;Google ScholarVogelis, H. J., Handbuch der Textkritik des Neuen Testaments2 (Bonn, 1955), p. 109Google Scholar(cf. Bruyne, De, GGA, CXCIII (1931), 357 f.Google Scholar, on the connexions between the codices of Tours and Codex Ma).
page 274 note 1 Ganshof, F. L., ‘La révision de la Vulgate par Alkuin’, in Bibliothéque d'Humanisme et Renaissance, IX (1947), 14Google Scholar
page 274 note 2 Berger, , op. cit. pp. 209–12, 389Google Scholar(and the literature cited there); Wordsworth, and White, , Novum Testamentum, ed. maior, , pp. xii, 720;Google ScholarGregory, , op. cit. p. 647, n. 242;Google ScholarMichalski, W., ‘Projekt nowego wydania Wulgaty’, Przegla¸d Teologiczny, VI (1925), 455;Google ScholarRand, , A Survey…, pp. 135 f.;Google ScholarVogels, , op. cit. p. 108;Google ScholarFischer, , op. cit. pp. 16 f.Google Scholar
page 274 note 3 Berger, , op. cit. pp. 196–205, 225–42Google Scholar, 413 (and the literature cited there); Wordsworth, and White, , Novun Testamentum, ed. maior, , pp. xiv, 720;Google ScholarIbid. ed. minor, p. viii; Gregory, , op. cit. p. 634;Google ScholarQuentin, , op. cit. pp. 269 f.;Google ScholarMichalski, , art. cit. p. 455;Google ScholarRand, , A Survey…, pp. 172 f.;Google ScholarVogels, , op. cit. p. 109.Google Scholar
page 274 note 4 Fischer, , op. cit. p. 16.Google Scholar
page 274 note 5 Lagrange, E. g., op. cit. p. 293Google Scholar(cf. Berger, , op. cit. p. 191, n. 2;Google ScholarQuentin, , op. cit. p. 207).Google Scholar
page 274 note 6 Berger, , op. cit. p. 242.Google Scholar
page 274 note 7 Ibid. p. 201(cf. Mangenot, E., ‘Vulgate’, in F. Vigouroux, Dictionnaire de la Bible, vol. 5, col. 2476).Google Scholar