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John vi—A Eucharistic Discourse?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2009

James D. G. Dunn
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Type
Short studies
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New Testament Studies , Volume 17 , Issue 3 , April 1971 , pp. 328 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1971

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References

page 328 note 1 Cullmann, O., Early Christian Worship (ET 1953), pp. 94 f.Google Scholar

page 328 note 2 See, e.g., Bligh, J., ‘Jesus in lee’, The Heythrop Journal, V (1964), 18 ff.Google Scholar; Ruland, V., ‘Sign and Sacrament’, Interpretation, XVIII (1964), 450 ff.Google Scholar; Schnackenburg, R., Das Johannesevangelium (1965), I, 383Google Scholar; Brown, R. E., ‘The Eucharist and Baptism in John’, New Testament Essays (1965), pp. 77–92Google Scholar; also The Gospel according to John: I–XII (1966), pp. 272 ff.Google Scholar; Marsh, J., St John (1968), pp. 304 ff.Google Scholar; Sanders, J. N. and Mastin, B. A., The Gospel according to St John (1968), pp. 193 ff.Google Scholar

page 328 note 3 See the authors cited by Borgen, P., Bread from Heaven (1965), p. 25 n. 1.Google Scholar

page 328 note 4 Bultmann, R., Das Evangelium nach Johannes (1950), 174Google Scholar; Lohse, E., ‘Wort und Sakrament im Johannesevangelium’, N.T.S. VII (1960–1961), 110 ff.Google Scholar; Marxsen, W., Introduction to the New Testament (ET 1968), p. 256Google Scholar; Käsemann, E., The Testament of Jesus (ET 1968), p. 32.Google Scholar

page 328 note 5 Hahn, F., ‘Die alttestamentlichen Motive in der urchristlichen Abendmahls-Überlieferung’, Ev. Th. XXVII (1967), 341, 343 f.Google Scholar

page 328 note 6 Wilkens, W., ‘Das Abendmahlszeugnis im vierten Evangelium’, Ev. Th. XVIII (1958), 354, 359 ff., 368 ff.;Google ScholarBrown, , Essays, pp. 86 f.Google Scholar; Gospel, pp. 284–91.Google Scholar

page 329 note 1 Bornkamm, G., ‘Die eucharistische Rede im Johannes-Evangelium’, Z.N.W. XLVII (1956), 166 f.Google Scholar

page 329 note 2 Lohse, , art. cit. p. 120.Google Scholar

page 329 note 3 Richter, G., ‘Zur Formgeschichte und literarischen Einheit von John vi. 31–31’, Z.N.W. LX (1969), 35–9.Google Scholar

page 329 note 4 Ruckstuhl, E., Die literarische Einheit des Johannesevangelium (1951), pp. 220–71.Google Scholar

page 329 note 5 Jeremias, J., ‘Joh. vi. 51 b–58— redaktionell?’, Z.N.W. XLIV (1952–1953), 256 f.Google Scholar; also The Eucharistic Words of Jesus 3 (ET 1966), p. 107.Google Scholar

page 329 note 6 Schweizer, E., ‘Das johanneische Zeugnis vom Herrenmahl’, Neotestamentica (1963), pp. 385 ff.Google Scholar; also T.W.N.T. VII, 140 n. 309.Google Scholar

page 330 note 1 Schürmann, H., ‘Joh. vi. 51 c—ein Schlüssel zur großen johanneischen Brotrede’, Biblische Zeitschrift, II (1958), 249 ff.Google Scholar

page 330 note 2 Borgen, , especially 25 f., 96 f., 189 f.Google Scholar; also ‘The Unity of the Discourse in John vi’, Z.N.W. L (1959), 277 f.Google Scholar See also Schnackenburg, , ‘Zur Rede vom Brot aus dem Himmel: eine Beobachtung zu John vi. 52’, Bib. Zeit. XII (1968), 248–52.Google Scholar

page 330 note 3 Richter, , art. cit. pp. 22–34.Google Scholar

page 330 note 4 See my ‘II Corinthians iii. 17—The Lord is the Spirit’, J.T.S. XXI (1970).Google Scholar

page 330 note 5 So also Richter, , art. cit. pp. 51 f.Google Scholar

page 330 note 6 Bernard, J. H., St John (ICC, 1928), p. 209Google Scholar; Hoskyns, E., The Fourth Gospel2 (1947), p. 298Google Scholar; Brown, , Gospel, p. 284.Google Scholar

page 330 note 7 Dodd, C. H., The Interpretation of the Fourth Gospel (1953), p. 341.Google Scholar

page 331 note 1 Jeremias, , Eucharistic Words, pp. 221 f.Google Scholar, nn. 10, II. See also Schlatter, A., Das Evangelium nach Johannes (1953), p. 115Google Scholar; Barrett, C. K., The Gospel According to St John (1955), pp. 236, 246Google Scholar; Dodd, , p. 339Google Scholar; Lightfoo, R. H., St John's Gospel (1956), p. 162Google Scholar; Gärtner, B., John 6 and the Jewish Passover (1959), pp. 23 f.Google Scholar

page 331 note 2 Dodd, , p. 342Google Scholar; and Schürmann cited above (p. 330).

page 331 note 3 Strathmann, H., Das Evangelium nach Johannes10 (NTD, 1963), p. 121.Google Scholar

page 331 note 4 Note particularly his use of δΟξάειν (vii.39;xii. 16, 23;xiii.31;xvii.1),ύψΟυ˜ν(iii.14;viii.28;xii.32, 34), and the departure –return motif of xiii–xvii(xiii.1, 3;xvi.4, 18–23;xvi.5, 7, 16–24, 28) together with the Paraclete promises;see also xix.30, 34.

page 332 note 1 Cf. Schürmann, , p. 259Google Scholar; Barrett, , pp. 249, 251Google Scholar; Dodd, , pp. 341 f.Google Scholar That άναβάινω is used here in the same way as ύψόω is generally recognized.

page 332 note 2 Brown, , Gospel, p. 299.Google Scholar Borgen also follows Bornkamm at this point and so errs in his interpretation of v. 63 (pp. 187 f., 191 f.).

page 332 note 3 Bourke, M. M., Catholic Biblical Quarterly, XXVIII (1966), 342–5.Google Scholar

page 332 note 4 Brown, , Essays, p. 83.Google Scholar

page 333 note 1 Lohse, , art. cit. p. 117.Google Scholar See also Boobyer, G. H., ‘The Eucharistic Interpretation of the Miracle of the Loaves in St Mark's Gospel’, J.T.S. n.s. III (1952), 162 ff.Google Scholar; Sanders, and Mastin, , pp. 179, 196.Google Scholar

page 333 note 2 See Moule, C. F. D., ‘A Note on Didache ix. 4’, J.T.S. n.s. VI (1955), 240 ff.Google Scholar; Robinson, J. A. T., ‘The Destination and Purpose of St John's Gospel’, N.T.S. VI (1959–1960)Google Scholar, reprinted in Twelve New Testament Studies (1962), p. 121.Google Scholar

page 333 note 3 Cf. , Hoskyns, p. 288Google Scholar; Strathmann, , p. 121.Google Scholar This is what we would expect anyway in view of Jn xx. 31.

page 333 note 4 See Brown, , Gospel, p. 272.Google Scholar

page 333 note 5 Note how the whole discourse is couched in the language of the first person: ‘ I am the bread of life’, ‘he who believes in me’, ‘ I will raise him up’, ‘my flesh’, ‘he who eats me’, etc.

page 333 note 6 Cf. , Boobyer, pp. 163, 165Google Scholar; Borgen, , Bread, p. 180.Google Scholar

page 333 note 7 Bonsirven, J., Theology of the New Testament (ET 1963), p. 81.Google Scholar

page 333 note 8 Swete, H. B., The Holy Spirit in the New Testament (1909), p. 141.Google Scholar See also Howard, W. F., ‘St John’, Interpreter's Bible (1952), VIII, pp. 572 ff.Google Scholar

page 333 note 9 For a summary statement see Brown, , Gospel, p. 285.Google Scholar

page 334 note 1 See especially Schürmann, ,, pp. 245 ff.Google Scholar

page 334 note 2 Wilkens, , pp. 355 ff.Google Scholar

page 334 note 3 See Lightfoot, J. B., Apostolic Fathers, part II, II (1885), 45, 226Google Scholar; and more generally, Maurer, C., Ignatius von Antiochien und das Johannesevangelium (1949).Google Scholar

page 334 note 4 Sanders, and Mastin, , p. 194 n. IIGoogle Scholar; cf. Michaelis, W., Die Sakramente im Johannesevangelium (1946), pp. 27 f.Google Scholar; Borgen, , Bread, p. 93.Google Scholar

page 334 note 5 Contra Feuillet, A., ‘The Principal Biblical Themes in the Discourse on the Bread of Life’, Johannine Studies (ET 1965)Google Scholar, who prefers the unnatural interpretation that the σάρξ of v. 63 refers to man ‘reduced to his natural powers’ (p. 55)Google Scholar; so also Mollat, D. in the Bible de JérusalemGoogle Scholar; and see Bornkamm, above, (p. 329 n. I).Google Scholar

page 334 note 6 Hoskyns, , pp. 299 ff.Google Scholar; Higgins, A. J. B., The Lord's Supper in the New Testament (1952), p. 83Google Scholar; Dodd, , p. 342 n. 3Google Scholar; Marsh, , p. 311Google Scholar; Sanders, and Mastin, , p. 197Google Scholar; cf. Lagrange, M.-J., Évangile selon Saint Jean5 (1936), p. 188Google Scholar; Cullmann, , p. 100Google Scholar; Corell, A. G. H., Consummatum Est (ET 1958), p. 67.Google Scholar

page 334 note 7 Bligh, , p. 23.Google Scholar

page 334 note 8 For those who understand vi. 51 c–58 as well as the earlier verses in a metaphorical sense see Schürmann, , p. 244 n. 3.Google Scholar Cf. Ignatius in Trall. viii. IGoogle Scholar; Phil, , v. IGoogle Scholar; Rom, . vii. 2–3.Google Scholar

page 335 note 1 Schürmann, , pp. 245 f., 249 f.Google Scholar

page 335 note 2 Strachan, R. H., The Fourth Gospel3 (1941), p. 196.Google Scholar

page 335 note 3 Contra, Cullmann, pp. 111 ff.Google Scholar; Higgins, , pp. 79, 85 f.Google Scholar; Barrett, , pp. 70 f.Google Scholar; Corell, , pp. 73 f.Google Scholar; Brown, , ‘The Johannine Sacramentary’, Essays, pp. 72 f.Google Scholar; Macgregor, G. H. C., ‘The Eucharist in the Fourth Gospel’, N.T.S. IX (1962–1963), 112.Google ScholarDidache ix, 2Google Scholar can hardly be cited as an independent witness for the clain that ‘the Vine was a recognized Eucharistic symbol at the time the Gospel was written’ (Macgregor, , p. 112Google Scholar); it is almost certainly dependent on John, ; cf. p. 333 n. 2.Google Scholar

page 335 note 4 Strachan, , p. 192Google Scholar; cf. Bernard, , pp. 213 f.Google Scholar

page 336 note 1 Brown, , Gospel, pp. 284 f.Google Scholar

page 336 note 2 Brooks, O. S., ‘The Johannine Eucharist’, J.B.L. LXXXII (1963), 297.Google Scholar

page 336 note 3 Wilkens, Contra, Feuillet, , Blight, , p. 22, et al.Google Scholar

page 336 note 4 Dodd, , p. 341.Google Scholar

page 336 note 5 Barrett, , p. 243Google Scholar; Sanders, and Mastin, , p. 190.Google Scholar Note especially v. 27 (δώαέι) with which compare iv. 14, and v. 35 with which compare vii. 37 ff.

page 337 note 1 Bultmann, , p. 360 n. 4Google Scholar; Lohse, , p. 122.Google Scholar

page 337 note 2 Macgregor, , p. 113.Google Scholar