Plant defence genes are induced in the pathogenic interaction between bean roots and Fusarium solani, but not in the symbiotic interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae

Abstract

Plant roots enter symbiotic as well as pathogenic interactions with fungi in the rhizosphere. We studied the response of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Saxa) roots to infection by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe and the pathogen Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. phaseoli (Burkholder) Snyder & Hansen. In a time-course study of the symbiotic interaction between bean roots and G. mosseae, covering all stages of mycorrhiza development, we detected little change in the expression of the defence-related genes chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase compared with non-mycorrhizal control roots. The only difference observed was a transient increase in chalcone synthase transcripts at later stages of mycorrhizal root colonization. In interactions with the pathogen, a marked induction of chitinase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase expression was observed at the level of both the transcripts and enzyme activities. Class I β-1,3-glucanase levels strongly increased at the transcript level, but there was little change in the overall β-1,3-glucanase enzyme activity. In the non-host interaction between common bean and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. pisi (Linford) Snyder & Hansen defence responses increased only slightly and transiently, if at all.