Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T00:38:55.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

European Union twinning projects and the Turkish police: Looking beyond Europeanization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2016

Şerif Onur Bahçecik
Şerif Onur Bahçecik*
Affiliation:
Middle East Technical University, Department of International Relations
*
[email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The literature of Europeanization claims that the EU transforms the politics of member and candidate countries through processes such as social learning and socialization. This article questions the emphasis of Europeanization studies on ideational factors by looking at the example of Turkey-EU relations. The reform projects undertaken jointly by the EU and the Turkish police show that the EU seeks to transform the practices of candidate country actors, rather than simply their ideas. Moreover, the candidate country actors are not only passive learners, but they also seek to modify the content of EU reforms according to their interests.

Keywords

Practice of human rightsEuropeanizationtorturepolicing in Turkey
Type
Articles
Information
New Perspectives on Turkey , Volume 51 , Fall 2014 , pp. 69 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey and Cambridge University Press 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akçura, Belma. Teşkilatın Adamları. İstanbul: Postiga Yayınları, 2010.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. Adding Insult to Injury: The Effective Impunity of Police Officers in Cases of Torture and Other Ill-treatment. London: 2007.Google Scholar
Avcı, Gamze. “Turkey’s EU Politics: What Justifies Reforms?” in Enlargement in Perspective, edited by Sjursen, Helene, 121–149. Oslo: ARENA Report No. 2, 2005.Google Scholar
Ayasılı, Murat. “Emniyet Teşkilatında Terfi Sistemi ve Yaşanan Sorunlar.” Master’s thesis, Polis Akademisi, 2005.Google Scholar
Aydın, Gülden. “CSI Konya.” December 24, 2006. http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/ShowNew.aspx?id=5664859.Google Scholar
Aydın, Senem, and Çarkoğlu, Ali. EU Conditionality and Democratic Rule of Law in Turkey. Center on Democracy Development, and the Rule of Law Working Paper, 2005.Google Scholar
Babül, Elif. “Gezi Resistance, Police Violence, and Turkey’s Accession to the European Union.” Jadaliyya, October 2013. http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/14469/gezi-resistance-police-violence-and-turkey%E2%80%99s-acces.Google Scholar
Bal, İhsan, and Beren, Fatih. Polis Etiği. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, 2003.Google Scholar
Beren, Fatih. “Polis Meslek Etiği.” Polis Bilimleri Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Police Studies 3, no. 1 (2001): 75–98.Google Scholar
Berg, Elliot J.Rethinking Technical Cooperation: Reforms for Capacity Building in Africa. New York: United Nations Development Program, 1993.Google Scholar
Berksoy, Biriz. “Neo-Liberalizm ve Toplumsalın Yeniden Kurgulanması: 1980 Sonrası Batı’da ve Türkiye’de Polis Teşkilatları ve Geçirdikleri Yapısal Dönüşüm.” Toplum ve Bilim 109 (2007): 35–65.Google Scholar
Best, Jacqueline. “Legitimacy Dilemmas: The IMF’s Pursuit of Country Ownership.” Third World Quarterly 28, no. 3 (2007): 469–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigo, Didier. “Globalized (In)security: The Field and the Ban-Opticon.” in Terror, Insecurity and Liberty: Illiberal Practices of Liberal Regimes after 9/11, edited by Bigo, Didier and Tsoukala, Anastassia, 10–48. London: Routledge, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigo, Didier, and Tsoukala, Anastassia. “Understanding (In)security.” in Terror, Insecurity and Liberty: Illiberal Practices of Liberal Regimes after 9/11, edited by Bigo, Didier and Tsoukala, Anastassia, 1–9. London: Routledge, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Simon A.Suspect Identities: A History of Fingerprinting and Criminal Identification. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collantes Celador, Gemma, Soler, Eduard i Lecha, , Reigeluth, Stuart, Aytar, Volkan, and Arıcan, Mehmet. Fostering an EU Strategy for Security Sector Reform in the Mediterranean: Learning from Turkish and Palestinian Police Reform Experiences. 2008. http://www.euromesco.net/images/66eng.pdf.Google Scholar
“Commission Staff Working Document Annexes to the Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament 2006 Report on PHARE, Pre-Accession and Transition Instruments Country Sections & Additional Information {COM(2007) 679 Final}.” 2007. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52007SC1462:EN:HTML.Google Scholar
Council of Ministers. “2001 National Program for the Adoption of the Acquis.” 2001. http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=58&l=1.Google Scholar
Della, Brian C. “Nontraditional Training Systems.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 73, no. 6 (2004): 1–12.Google Scholar
Dezalay, Yves, and Garth, Bryant G.. The Internationalization of Palace Wars: Lawyers, Economists, and the Contest to Transform Latin American States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dikmen, İrfan. “İnsan Haklarına Zihinsel Yaklaşım.” Çağın Polisi Dergisi 108 (2010): 30.Google Scholar
Ecorys. “Review of Twinning in Turkey. Annexes to the Final Report.” 2011. http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/financial_assistance/phare/evaluation/2013/annexes_to_final_report_review_of_twinning_turkey.pdf.Google Scholar
Ecorys. “Review of Twinning in Turkey. Final Report.” 2011. http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/financial_assistance/phare/evaluation/2013/final_report_review_of_twinning_turkey_23_05_2011.pdf.Google Scholar
Elibol, Kamil. “Çevik Kuvvet’te Zihinsel Dönüşüm.” June 28, 2008. http://gundem.bugun.com.tr/cevik-kuvvette-zihinsel-donusum-haberi/30065.Google Scholar
Emniyet Genel, Müdürlüğü. İlk Ekibin Görev ve Sorumlulukları. 2006.Google Scholar
Emniyet Genel, Müdürlüğü. “Türk Polis Teşkilatı’ndaki İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Sisteminin ve Kariyer Planlamasının Geliştirilmesi Strateji Belgesi.” Ankara: Barem Matbaası, 2007.Google Scholar
Erdal, Meryem. “Cezasızlık.” Diyalog 3 (2009): 54–60.Google Scholar
“EU Supports Police Reform in Turkey.” 2007. http://www.avrupa.info.tr/ContentManager/DocumentViewer.aspx?DocumentGUID=D69705B6-A945-4083-9660-5F.Google Scholar
European Council. European Council in Copenhagen, 21–22 June 1993: Conclusions of the Presidency. Accessed September 24, 2014. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/72921.pdf.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James, and Lohmann, Larry. “The Anti-Politics Machine: ‘Development’ and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho.” The Ecologist 24, no. 5 (October 1994): 176-81.Google Scholar
Final Report: Improvement of Statement Taking Methods and Statement Taking Rooms in the Republic of Turkey. European Commission, 2005.Google Scholar
Güneri, Yasemin. “Yargıtay: ‘Jandarma Dayağı Yaralama Değil İşkencedir’.” Habertürk, May 5, 2014. http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/945109-yargitay-jandarma-dayagi-yaralama-degil-iskencedir.Google Scholar
Grabbe, Heather. “How Does Europeanization Affect CEE Governance? Conditionality, Diffusion and Diversity.” Journal of European Public Policy 8, no. 6 (2001): 1013–1031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halıcı Çelik, Deniz. “Öğrenme ve Öğretme İlkeleri Notu.” in İnsan Hakları: Eğiticiler için Kılavuz. Ankara: Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü Terörle Mücadele ve Harekat Dairesi Başkanlığı, 2007.Google Scholar
“Hanefi Avcı Demands Removal of Penalties from His Book.” Hürriyet Daily News. January 3, 2014. Accessed online on May 15, 2014. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/hanefi-avci-demands-removal-of-penalties-from-his-book.aspx?pageID=238&nID=60503&NewsCatID=341.Google Scholar
Hülagü, Funda. “Burjuva Devlet Formundan Kaçış Yöntemi Olarak Neoliberal Polis Reformu: Türkiye Örneği.” Praksis 30-31 (May 2013): 221-55.Google Scholar
“Improvement of Statement Taking Methods and Statement Taking Rooms in the Republic of Turkey.” 2002. http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/fiche_projet/document/2002-002-555-01.01%20Statement%20taking%20methods%20and%20rooms.pdf.Google Scholar
“Institution Building in the Framework of European Union Policies: Common Twinning Manual.” 2009. http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/financial_assistance/institution_building/final_version_of_the_manual_2009_clean_en.pdf.Google Scholar
“İspanyol Danışman Alonso: Türk Polisi Gerçekten Başarılı.” Erzurum Gazetesi, June 29, 2005. http://www.erzurumgazetesi.com.tr/default.asp?page=haber&id=4326.Google Scholar
Karaosmanoğlu, Fatih. “Türkiye’nin Demokratikleşmesi: Yaşam Hakkı ve Polis.” in Türkiye’de Devlet, Toplum ve Polis, edited by Çevik, Hasan Hüseyin and Göksu, Turkut, 113-36. Ankara: Seçkin, 2002.Google Scholar
Müdürlüğü, Kırşehir Emniyet. “Polis Kolluk İlkeleri.” 2007. http://www.kirsehir.pol.tr/Sayfalar/poliskollukilkeleri.aspx.Google Scholar
Kleinig, John. “Rethinking Noble Cause Corruption.” International Journal of Police Science and Management 4, no. 4 (2002): 287–314.Google Scholar
Kocaer, Soner. “Bombasavar Süpürge.” Milliyet, August 20, 2003.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. “Technology Is Society Made Durable.” in A Sociology of Monsters: Essays on Power, Technology and Domination, edited by Law, John, 103–131. London: Routledge, 1991.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. “The Powers of Association.” in Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge, edited by Law, John, 264–280. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.Google Scholar
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights. Annual Report 2005. Vienna: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights, April 2006. http://www.univie.ac.at/bim.Google Scholar
“Mafya Dediğin Cahil ve Korkak Tipler.” Hürriyet, August 13, 1999. http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/printnews.aspx?DocID=-95885.Google Scholar
Manners, Ian. “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 40, no. 2 (2002): 235-58.Google Scholar
March, James G., and Olsen, Johan P.. “The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders.” International Organization 52, no. 4 (1998): 943–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merlingen, Michael. “Foucault and World Politics.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 35, no. 1 (2006): 181-96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merlingen, Michael. “Governmentality: Towards a Foucauldian Framework for the Study of IGOs.” Cooperation and Conflict 38, no. 4 (2003): 361-84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Özkorul, İsmet. “İfade ve Sorgu.” Accessed online on June 7, 2010. http://www.ceza-bb.adalet.gov.tr/makale/173.doc.Google Scholar
Police Forensic Laboratories Department. “Projects.” Accessed online on May 10, 2014. http://www.kpl.pol.tr/EN/Sayfalar/projects.aspx.Google Scholar
Press Release: EU Supports Project to Improve Statement Taking Methods and Rooms in Turkey. Delegation of the European Commission in Turkey, 2004.Google Scholar
Pritz, Constanze, Weyss, Birgit, Dudek, Karlheinz, Klaushofer, Reinhard, Lamplot, Peter, and Speiser, Ernst. Statement Taking Methods and Human Rights Training Manual. 2005.Google Scholar
Reckwitz, Andreas. “Toward a Theory of Social Practices: A Development in Culturalist Theorizing.” European Journal of Social Theory 5, no. 2 (2002): 243–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession. November 8, 2000. Accessed online on September 24, 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/key_documents/2000/tu_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Resmî, Gazete. “Emniyet Hizmetleri Sınıfı Personeli Rütbe Terfileri ve Değerlendirme Kurullarının Çalışmalarına İlişkin Yönetmelikte Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik.” June 26, 2010. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/06/20120626-9.htm.Google Scholar
Risse, Thomas, Cowles, Maria Green, and Caporaso, James. “Europeanization and Domestic Change: Introduction.” in Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change, edited by Cowles, Maria Green, Caporaso, James, and Risse, Thomas, 1–20. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Rose, Nikolas, and Miller, Peter. “Political Power Beyond the State: Problematics of Government.” British Journal of Sociology 43, no. 2 (1992): 173–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rumelili, Bahar. “Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorisinde Yerel-Görüşlülük ve Doğu’nun Özneselliği.” Uluslararası İlişkiler 6, no. 23 (2009): 45–71.Google Scholar
Secretariat General for EU Affairs. “Twinning Projects (Institution Based).” 2008. http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=40990&l=2.Google Scholar
“Strengthening the Police Forensic Capacity.” Accessed online on April 4, 2006. http://www.avrupa.info.tr/Duyurular,Duyuru_Listesi.html?Mode=0&Year=2004&Month=12&RefNo=&PrgID=107.Google Scholar
“Strengthening the Accountability, Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Turkish National Police,” 2003. Accessed online on September 24, 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/fiche_projet/document/TR%200301.01%20Strengthening%20accountability%20of%20police.pdf.Google Scholar
Şardan, Tolga. “‘Ulusalcılık’ Terör Dosyasına Girdi.” Milliyet, March 29, 2008. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/ulusalcilik--teror-dosyasina-girdi/siyaset/haberdetayarsiv/29.03.2008/510805/default.htm.Google Scholar
“Turkey Determined to Purge Its Gladio.” Today’s Zaman, January 24, 2008. http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail.action;jsessionid=jnFZTOc+8+IS2mk4KWprDs5u?newsId=132371&columnistId=0.Google Scholar
Walters, William. “The Power of Inscription: Beyond Social Construction and Deconstruction in European Integration Studies.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 31, no. 1 (2002): 83–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar