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Application of Private International Law by the International Court of Justice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2009

L. Erades
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Extract

For the purpose of this study private international law may be defined as the part of international or municipal law indicating what system or systems of municipal private law shall be applied in cases in which application of more then one system is possible.

Type
Research Article
Information
Netherlands International Law Review , Volume 9 , Issue 4: Special Issue: De Conflictu Legum, Essays Presented to RD Kollewijn and J Offerhaus , October 1962 , pp. 145 - 153
Copyright
Copyright © T.M.C. Asser Press 1962

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References

1. In the Serbian Loans case, P.C.I.J. Series A, no. 20, p. 41.Google Scholar

2. See the many examples cited by Jenks, C. Wilfred, The Interpretation and Application of Municipal Law by the Permanent Court of International Justice, British Yearbook of International Law, XIX (1938), p. 67et sqq.Google Scholar

3. In the Serbian and Brazilian Loans cases, P.C.I.J. Series A, nos. 20/21.

4. It took into account municipal law in the Fisheries case and dealt with private international law laid down in a convention in the Case Concerning the Convention of 1902 Governing the Guardianship of Infants, I.C.J. Reports 1958, p. 55et sqq.Google Scholar

5. It may be sufficient to refer in this respect to Beckett, W. E., Decisions of the Permanent Court of International Justice on Points of Law and Procedure of General Application, British Yearbook of International Law, XI (1930), pp. 32–35Google Scholar and Bos, M., Les conditions du procès en droit international public, Bibliotheca Visseriana, Vol. XXXVI, Leyden 1957, p. 122et sqq.Google Scholar

6. This has thoroughly been done with respect to the Serbian and Brazilian Loans cases by Nussbaum, Arthur, Money in the Law, National and International, 2nd ed., Brooklyn 1950, p. 417Google Scholaret sqq. and in relation to the Case Concerning the Convention of 1902 Governing the Guardianship of Infants by one of two eminent scholars to whom this paper is offered, Kollewijn, R. D., Het Haagse Voogdijverdrag voor het Internationale Hof van Justitie, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Internationaal Recht, VI (1959), p. 311et sqq.Google Scholar

7. In the same sense see Niboyet, J. P., Le rôle de la justice internationale en droit international privé: conflit des lois, Recueil des Cours de l'Académie de droit international, 40 (1932, II), p. 169Google Scholar; Hammarskjöld, A., La Cour Permanente de Justice Internationale, Revue critique de droit international privé, 29 (1934) p. 343Google Scholar; Weselowski, Célestina, Les conflits de lois devant la Justice internationale, Paris 1936, p. 57Google Scholaret sqq.; Lipstein, K., Conflict of Laws before International Tribunals, Transactions of the Grotius Society, 27 (1941), p. 150 and 29 (1943), p. 62Google Scholar and Schwarzenberger, Georg, International Law, vol. I, 3rd ed., London 1957, p. 75.Google Scholar

8. See Niboyet, , op. cit., p. 172Google Scholar note 2 and Stevenson, John R., The Relationship of Private International Law to Public International Law, Columbia Law Review, 52 (1952), p. 569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

9. Compare Niboyet, , op. cit., p. 169Google Scholar; Weselowski, , op. cit., p. 57Google Scholar and Lipstein, , op. cit., 27 (1941), p. 158.Google Scholar

10. See Weselowski, , op. cit., p. 59.Google Scholar

11. On the irrelevance of ordre public under municipal law in international proceedings see Niboyet, , op. cit., p. 177–179Google Scholar; Lipstein, , op. cit., 27 (1941), p. 157 and 29 (1943), p. 63 et sqq.Google Scholar and Schwarzenberger, , op. cit., p. 75.Google Scholar

12. This would be the case when the International Court of Justice would have to ensure application of a convention which empowers the courts of the contracting States to take into consideration their ordre public when applying a system of foreign law by virtue of its provisions. The Court could then examine whether the national court concerned rightly invoked its ordre public. Compare Niboyet, , op. cit., p. 178, note 4.Google Scholar

13. op cit., pp. 75–76.

14. See supra note 12.

15. Compare Weselowski, , op. cit., pp. 63–64.Google Scholar

16. In this sense see also Niboyet, , op. cit., p. 178.Google Scholar

17. See Weselowski, , op. cit., pp. 61 and 63.Google Scholar

18. Compare in this sense Weselowski, , op. cit., pp. 65–68Google Scholar; Hudson, Manley O., The Permanent Court of International Justice 1920–1942, New York 1943, p. 621Google Scholar; Stevenson, , op. cit., p. 570Google Scholar and Wortley, B. A., The Interaction of Public and Private International Law today, Recueil des Cours de l'Académie de droit international, 85 (1954 I). Pp. 315–315.Google Scholar

19. In this direction move the dissenting opinion of Judge de Bustamante in the Brazilian Loans case, see infra p. 000, and Wortley, , op. cit., pp. 301–304.Google Scholar

20. A similar reasoning is adopted by Weselowski, , op. cit., pp. 123–132Google Scholar; Wortley, , op. cit., p. 304Google Scholar and Schwarzenberger, , op. cit., pp. 72 and 75.Google Scholar

21. P.C.I.J. Series A, nos. 20/21.

22. P.C.I.J. Series A, no. 20, p. 41 et sqq.

23. Op. cit., p. 211.

24. P.C.I.J. Series A, nos. 20/21, p. 129.

25. In the same sense is the opinion of Niboyet, , op. cit., pp. 217–220Google Scholar; Weselowski, , op. cit., pp. 130–131Google Scholar and Lipstein, , op. cit., 27 (1941), p. 157 and 29 (1943), pp. 63–64.Google Scholar

26. P.C.I.J. Series A, no. 20, p. 46.

27. I.C.J. Reports, 1958, p. 70.Google Scholar

28. See supra p. 000, note 6.

29. I.C.J. Reports 1958, pp. 154–155.Google Scholar