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Three Attempts at Federation in 17th Century Eastern Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

George P. Kulchycky
George P. Kulchycky*
Affiliation:
Youngstown State University
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Extract

The title is indicative of the outcome of the federative experiment in Eastern Europe between Ukraine and its strong neighbors Muscovy, Poland, and the Ottoman Empire. It should be pointed out at the outset that the idea of federation was adopted by the Ukrainian state not for the sake of federation but as a deterrent against strong neighbors, who despite serious setbacks continued to interfere with Ukrainian sovereignty. This was in effect the only option left to the Ukrainians considering the internal and external developments prior to and after the death of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytskyi.

Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , Fall 1981 , pp. 207 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © 1981 by the Association for the Study of the Nationalities (USSR and East Europe) Inc. 

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References

Notes

1. Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, (Springfield, Mass., 1959). pp. 303–304.Google Scholar

2. Mykola Arkas, Istoriia Ukrainy-Rusi (Cracow, 1912), p. 13. C. Bickford O'Brien in Muscovy and the Ukraine: From the Pereiaslav Agreement to the Truce of Andrusovo, 1654–1667, (Berkeley, Cal., 1963) p. 126, feels that under Khmelnytskyi “something akin to a Ukrainian national state came into being.”Google Scholar

3. Arkas, Istoriia, p. 17. See also Sokrat Ivanytskyi, Pereiaslavskyi dohovir z 1654 roku (New York, 1963), pp. 78–79.Google Scholar

4. Arkas, Istoriia, p. 17.Google Scholar

5. Oleksander Ohloblyn, Dumky pro suchasnu ukrains'ku soviets'ku istoriohrafiiu, (New York, 1963), p. 53.Google Scholar

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12. Ibid., p. 16.Google Scholar

13. Ibid., pp. 16–17.Google Scholar

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27. Ibid., p. 12. See also I. Krypiakevych and I. Butych, Dokumenty Bohdana Khmelnytskoho, (Kiev, 1961) p. 316. Document 227 dated January 7 (17) 1654 written by B. Khmelnytskyi to Tsar Alexis is characterized as a letter of thanks to Tsar Alexis Mikhailovich for “reunifying” Ukraine with Russia at a time when the actual document has no mention of any union let alone “reunion.”Google Scholar

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36. Ibid., pp. 25, 26.Google Scholar

37. Krypiakevych, Velyka istoriia, p. 479.Google Scholar

38. Bzheskyi, Pereiaslavs'ka, p. 23.Google Scholar

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42. Arkas, Istoriia, p. 226.Google Scholar

43. Ibid., pp. 483, 227.Google Scholar

44. Ibid., p. 227.Google Scholar

45. Kylymnyk, “Moskovsko-ukrainska,” p. 8.Google Scholar

46. Krypiakevych, Velyka, p. 484.Google Scholar

47. Ibid., p. 485.Google Scholar

48. Bzheskyi, Pereiaslavs'ka, p. 12. See also Kylymnyk, “Moskovsko-ukrainska,” No. 5, pp. 9–10.Google Scholar

49. Kylymnyk, Ibid, No. 4, p. 12.Google Scholar

50. Arkas, Istoriia …, p. 228.Google Scholar

51. Kylymnyk, “Moskovsko-ukrainska,” p. 13.Google Scholar

52. Ibid., No. 5, p. 10. See also his “Vid Konotopu — do Poltavy,” Vyzvolnyi Shliakh, No. 8, 1959, p. 854.Google Scholar

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56. Iurii Tys-Krokhmaliuk, “Biy pid Konotopom,” Vyzvolnyi Shliakh, No. 2, 1958, pp. 178–181. See also Dzyra, Litopys Samovydcia, pp. 79–80; Kostomariv, Istoriia, pp. 322–323, and Samiilo Velychko, Skazanie o voine kozatskoi z poliakami, pp. 203–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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58. Kylymnyk, “Vid Konotopu,” No. 11, 1960, p. 1232.Google Scholar

59. Halecki, Borderlands, pp. 227–228. O'Brien on p. 126 refers to Andrusovo as a “turning point in the relationship of Muscovy and the Ukraine.”Google Scholar

60. Bzheskyi, Pereiaslavs'ka, p. 10. See also Sbornyk, pp. 27–28.Google Scholar

61. George Kulchyckyj, “Ukraine a Vassal State of Turkey,” Feniks, No. 14, 1966, p. 52.Google Scholar

62. Ibid., p. 55. See also Kylymnyk, “Vid Konotopu,” No. 12, 1960, pp. 1364–1635.Google Scholar

63. Kulchyckyj, “Ukraine,” p. 51.Google Scholar

64. Konysko, Istoriia, p. 224.Google Scholar

65. Kulchyckyj, “Ukraine,” p. 52.Google Scholar

66. Ibid., p. 55.Google Scholar

67. Oleh Cylevych, Prychynky do znosyn Petra Doroshenka z Polshcheiu v 1670-2, (Lviv, 1898), p. 24. This interesting work demonstrates censorship at work. The pages cut out by the censor were printed blank by the Shevchenko Scientific Society to demonstrate the frivolity of the Polish controlled censors’ office in Galicia.Google Scholar

68. Demetrius Centemir, The History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1683, (London, 1734), p. 264.Google Scholar

69. Dmytro Doroshenko, History of the Ukraine, (Edmonton, Canada, 1939), p. 321.Google Scholar