Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T18:20:51.242Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Nation and democracy building in contemporary Europe: the reproduction of the Basque demos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Jule Goikoetxea*
Affiliation:
Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
*

Abstract

The article analyzes the material or objectified reproduction of the Basque demos since democracy was established in Spain in 1980. Spain holds within its territory diverse regions and political communities and the Basque case is a highly illustrative example of how the development of regional state institutions is fundamental for the reproduction of distinct democratic demoi not merely in their political but also socio-economic dimension. This paper argues that, in our current European context, political distinctions cannot become effectively objectified and instituted power structures without state institutions being able to uphold a differentiated system of stratification.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aja, Eliseo. 2003. El estado autonómico: federalismo y hechos diferenciales. Madrid: Alianza.Google Scholar
Alberdi, Alberto. 2010. “Economía vasca 1980–2010: tres crisis y una gran transformación.” Ekonomiaz 25 (1): 3295.Google Scholar
Alonso, Ixone. 2009. El presupuesto como expresion de la evolucion economica y politica del proceso de descentralizacion espanol: el caso de la CAV. Bilbo: Basque Country University Press.Google Scholar
Alonso, Ixone, and Ferrero, Ana. 2012. “Patrones de gasto de las comunidades autónomas y su evolución durante la crisis (2007–2010): especial referencia a Euskadi y Navarra.” Ekonomiaz 3 (81): 295335.Google Scholar
Anza, Xabier. 2012. “The ELA (Eusko Langileen Alkartasuna) Trajectory Since 1980.” Interview not published. Donostia: Manu Robles-Arangiz Foundation.Google Scholar
Beland, Daniel, and Lecours, André. 2006. “Sub-State Nationalism and the Welfare State. Québec and Canadian Federalism.” Nations and Nationalism 12 (1): 7796.Google Scholar
Beland, Daniel, and Lecours, André. 2008. Nationalism and Social Policy: The Politics of Territorial Solidarity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Börzel, Tanja. 2002. States and Regions in the European Union: Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1985. “Social Space and the Genesis of Groups.” Theory and Society 14 (6): 723744.Google Scholar
Bourne, Angela. 2008. The European Union and the Accommodation of Basque Difference in Spain. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Bray, Zoe. 2011. Living Boundaries: Frontiers and Identity in the Basque Country. Reno: Center for Basque Studies Press.Google Scholar
Breuilly, John. 1994. Nationalism and the State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Canovan, Margaret. 1996. Nationhood and Political Theory. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
CESV. 2001–2006. Consejo Económico y Social Wasco. http://www.cesvasco.es/ Google Scholar
Clegg, Stewart. 1992. Frameworks of Power. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Conversi, Daniele. 2012a. “Modernism and Nationalism.” Journal of Political Ideologies 17 (1): 1334.Google Scholar
Conversi, Daniele. 2012b. “Majoritarian Democracy and Globalization Versus Ethnic Diversity.” Democratization 19 (4): 789811.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert A. 1998. On Democracy. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dunn, John, ed. 1992. Democracy: The Unfinished Journey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Center, Ekai. 2010. Bases para una política industrial para el País Vasco. http://www.ekaicenter.eu/pol-ekon/bases-para-una-politica-industrial-para-el-pais-vasco/ Google Scholar
Elazar, Daniel. 1987. Exploring Federalism. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Elorrieta, Joxe. 2012. Renovación sindical: mecanismos y procesos. Bilbao: University of the Basque Country.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Eustat, Statistics of the Basque Country, 2012. http://en.eustat.es/ci_ci/indice.html#axzz2bf077nVq Google Scholar
Filibi, Igor. 2004. La Unión política como marco de resolución de los conflictos etnonacionales europeos: un estudio comparado. Bilbo: Basque Country University Press.Google Scholar
Gaindegia. 2012. Poverty in the Basque Country. Andoain: Gaindegia.Google Scholar
Gellner, Ernst. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Goikoetxea, Jule. 2010. La práctica de la Incomunicación o el Conflicto Discursivo. Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. [Short English version: “The practice of incommunication in Basque politics,Cambridge University Journal of Politics, The art of the possible, Vol. 3, 2012, pp. 2536].Google Scholar
Goikoetxea, Jule. 2013. “Nationalism and Democracy in the Basque Country (1979–2012).” Ethnopolitics 12 (3): 268289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2012.711049 Google Scholar
Gomez, Mikel, and Goio, Etxebarria. 2000. “Panorama of the Basque Country and its Competence for Self-Government.” European Planning Studies 8 (4): 521535.Google Scholar
Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selection from the Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence & Wishart.Google Scholar
Gramsci, Antonio. 1985. Selections from Cultural Writings. London: Lawrence & Wishart.Google Scholar
Greenfeld, Liah. 1992. Nationalism: five roads to modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. 2000. La Constelacion Posnacional. Madrid: Paidos.Google Scholar
Hage, Ghassan. 1996. “The Spatial Imaginary of National Practices: Dwelling-Domesticating/Being-Exterminating.” Society and Space 14 (4): 463485.Google Scholar
Hall, Peter, and Soskice, David, eds. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Huber, Evelyn, and Stephens, John. 2001. Development and Crisis of the Welfare State. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Jepperson, Ronald L., and Meyer, John W. 1991. “Institutions, Institutional Effects, and Institutionalism.” In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by DiMaggio, P. J. and Powell, W. W., 143163. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Jessop, Bob. 1982. The Capitalist State: Marxist Theories and Methods. New York: New York University Press. 224–225.Google Scholar
Jessop, Bob. 2008. State Power. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press. 121–122.Google Scholar
Kaiero, Andoni. 1999. “Sindicatos y marco vasco de relaciones laborales.” Biblid 44 (1): 89116.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1983. Perpetual Peace and Other Essays. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.Google Scholar
Keating, Michael. 1998. The New Regionalism in Western Europe: Territorial Restructuring and Political Change. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Keating, Michael. 2001. Plurinational Democracy: Stateless Nations in a Post-Sovereignty era. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Keating, Michael. 2012. “Rethinking Sovereignty.” Revista d'Estudis Autonomics i Federals (16): 929.Google Scholar
Kedourie, Elie. 1985. Nationalism. Kedourie, London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Kymlicka, Will. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, Henri. 1974. La production de l'espace. Paris: Anthropos [English version The production of space. Wiley-Blackwell, 1991].Google Scholar
Letamendia, Francisco. 2003. ELA 1976–2003: sindicato de contrapoder. Bilbao: Manuel Robles-Aranguiz Foundation.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1999. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Loughlin, John. 1996. “Europe of the Regions and the federalization of Europe.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 24 (4): 141162.Google Scholar
Lynch, Peter. 1996. Minority Nationalism and European Integration. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
MacCormick, Neil. 1999. Questioning Sovereignty: Law, State and Practical Reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
March, James G., and Olsen, Johan P. 2008. “Elaborating the New Institutionalism.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions, edited by Rhodes, A., Binder, S., and Rockman, B., 614. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug, Tarrow, Sidney, and Tilly, Charles. 2000. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McEwen, Nicola. 2006. Nationalism and the State: Welfare and Identity in Scotland and Quebec. Brussels: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
McEwen, Nicola, and Moreno, Luis, eds. 2005. The Territorial Politics of Welfare. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
McGrattan, Cillian. 2012. “Policing Politics: Framing the Past in Post-Conflict Divided Societies.” Democratization. iFirst: 1–22. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2012.734809?af=R#.UgeHJ6yE7Sg Google Scholar
McRoberts, Kenneth. 2001. “Canada and the Multinational State.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 34 (4): 683713.Google Scholar
Miller, David. 1995. On Nationality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
de Miñón, Miguel Herrero. 1998. Derechos Históricos y Constitución. Madrid: Taurus Pensamiento.Google Scholar
Moreno, Luis. 2008. La federalización de España. Madrid: Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Moreno, Gorka, and Fullaondo, Arkaitz. 2011. “Actitudes y opiniones sobre el uso de prestaciones económicas por parte del colectivo inmigrante en el País Vasco.” Zerbitzuaz 50 (2): 101110.Google Scholar
Noël, Alain. Forthcoming. “Quebec's New Politics of Redistribution.” In The Fading of Redistributive Politics: Policy Change and Policy Drift in Canada, edited by K. Banting, and J. Myles. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.Google Scholar
Nootens, Geneviève. 2011. “On the Feasibility of Plurinational Democracies: The Problem of the Demos.” In Democracy with(out) nations? edited by Filibi, I., Cornago, N., and Frosni, J., 109127. Bilbao: University of the Basque Country.Google Scholar
Nootens, Geneviève, and Lecours, André, eds. 2009. Dominant Nationalism, Dominant Ethnicity: Identity, Federalism and Democracy. Brussels: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Brief on Industry and Services. 2011. Estudios de la OCDE sobre innovación regional: País Vasco – España. Paris: OCDE, Innobasque.Google Scholar
PCTI. 2002. Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritza, 23.Google Scholar
Poulantzas, Nicos. 1978. State, Power, Socialism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Ranciere, Jacques. 2010. Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Roig, Eduard. 1998. “La Conferencia para Asuntos Relacionados con la Union Europea.” Informe Comunidades Autónomas 1997, Barcelona: Instituto de Derecho Público.Google Scholar
Roig, Eduard. 2002. Las Comunidades Autónomas y la posición española en asuntos europeos. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Autonómics.Google Scholar
Runciman, David, and Vieira, Mónica B. 2008. Representation. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Sartori, Giovanni. 1997. Teoría de la democracia. Vol. 2. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.Google Scholar
Sassen, Saskia. 2008. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Vivien A. 2002. The Futures of European Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, Richard. 1991. “Unpacking Institutional Arguments.” In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by Dimaggio, P. J., and Powell, W. W., 164182 (176). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Anthony. 2001. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Snow, David. 2004. “Framing Processes, Ideology and Discursive Fields.” In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements Snow, edited by Soule, S., and Kriesi, H., 380412. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Snow, David, and Benford, Robert. 1988. “Ideology, Frame Resonance and Participation Mobilization.” International Social Movements Research 1:197217.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 1997. “Nationalism and Modernity.” In The Morality of Nationalism, edited by McKim, R., and McMahan, J., 3155. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 2007. Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, Alexis. 2000. Democracy in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Unanue, Jose M. 2002. Las relaciones laborales en Euskal Herria. Bilbao: Manu Robles-Arangiz Foundation.Google Scholar
Zabalo, Julen. 1998. “Euskal nazionalismo motak -nazioaren ikuskeraren arabera.” Uztaro: giza eta gizarte-zientzien aldizkaria 26:2746.Google Scholar
Zabalo, Julen. 2009. “¿Lengua o territorio?: la identidad nacional en el nacionalismo vasco.” Inguruak Revista vasca de sociología y ciencia política 47:125140.Google Scholar
Zubero, Imanol. 2010. “Políticas de empleo y cohesión social.” Ekonomiaz 25 (1): 250285.Google Scholar
Zubiaga, Mario. 2012. Euskal Estatuari bidea zabaltzen. Bilbo: Iparhegoa Fundazioa, UEU.Google Scholar