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Manifestations of Nationalism in the Baltic Republics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Silvia P. Forgus
Silvia P. Forgus*
Affiliation:
Appalachian State University
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Extract

The occupation of the Baltic States by the Soviet Union in 1940 failed to extinguish feelings of nationalism and patriotism among the native Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian peoples; on the contrary, foreign occupation strengthened their national spirit. Dwelling on the successes and memories of their former independence, Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian nationalists continue to denounce the Soviet occupation and resist the policies of communization and Russification practiced by the Soviet regime.

Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , FALL 1979 , pp. 197 - 211
Copyright
Copyright © Association for the Study of Nationalities, 1979 

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References

Notes

1. Talpak, Karl, “Eesti metsavendlus 1941 aastal [Estonian forest fraternalism in the year 1941],” Eesti riik ja rahvas teises maailmasojas (Estonian state and nation in the Second World War) 10 vols. (Stockholm: Kirjastus EMP, 1957), 4:21.Google Scholar

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7. Ibid., pp. 39, 40.Google Scholar

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9. Ibid., p. 74.Google Scholar

10. Ibid., p. 73.Google Scholar

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12. Ibid., p. 21.Google Scholar

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14. Ibid., pp. 71, 72, 88.Google Scholar

15. Šilde, , Resistance Movement, pp. 52, 53.Google Scholar

16. Ibid., p. 50.Google Scholar

17. Ibid., pp. 50, 51.Google Scholar

18. Ibid., p. 51.Google Scholar

19. Ibid., pp. 51, 52.Google Scholar

20. Baltic Events, April 1974, no. 2, pp. 2, 7.Google Scholar

21. The text of the letter was first summarized in 30 January, 1972, issue of the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter (Daily News). See also George Saunders, ed., Samizdat: Voices of the Soviet Opposition (New York: Pathfinder Press, Inc., 1974), p. 427.Google Scholar

22. Šilde, , Resistance Movement, pp. 36, 37.Google Scholar

23. Ibid., p. 43.Google Scholar

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29. The article was not included in the Russian edition of the newspaper, Estonian Communist.Google Scholar

30. Baltic Events, December 1974, no. 6, p. 5.Google Scholar

31. Sang, , “Keelenduse teine noorus,” p. 114.Google Scholar

32. Baltic Events, August, 1974, no. 4, p. 3.Google Scholar

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34. Ibid., p. 9.Google Scholar

35. Baltic Events, April 1973, no. 2, p. 8.Google Scholar

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37. Forgus, Silvia, “Estonian Nationalism and Primary Education 1860–1905” ( University of Illinois, 1974), p. 21.Google Scholar

38. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 17.Google Scholar

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40. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 12.Google Scholar

41. Ibid., p. 14.Google Scholar

42. Teataja, (Stockholm) 28 March, 1975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

43. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 16.Google Scholar

44. Lituanus, 18 (1972), no. 3, pp. 7–12.Google Scholar

45. Katz, Zev, ed., Handbook of Major Soviet Nationalities (New York: Free Press, 1975) p. 137.Google Scholar

46. Šilde, Resistance Movement, p. 24.Google Scholar

47. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 18.Google Scholar

48. Ibid., p. 2.Google Scholar

49. Lituanus, 18 (1972), no. 4, p. 70.Google Scholar

50. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 2.Google Scholar

51. Ibid., p. 3.Google Scholar

52. Ibid., p. 4.Google Scholar

53. Lituanus, 18 (1972), no. 4, pp. 69, 70.Google Scholar

54. Ibid., 20 (1974), no. 4, pp. 63, 64.Google Scholar

55. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 4.Google Scholar

56. Lituanus, 20 (1974), no. 4, pp. 64, 65.Google Scholar

57. Ibid., no. 3, pp. 74, 75.Google Scholar

58. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 5.Google Scholar

59. Lituanus, 20 (1974), no. 4, pp. 65–68.Google Scholar

60. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 5.Google Scholar

61. Baltic Events, February 1974, no. 1, p. 1.Google Scholar

62. Ibid., December 1974, no. 2, p. 6.Google Scholar

63. Ibid., December 1973, no. 6, p. 2.Google Scholar

64. Ibid., August 1974, no. 4, p. 6.Google Scholar

65. Šilde, , Resistance Movement, p. 29.Google Scholar

66. Laiks (Time) November, 1974.Google Scholar

67. Baltic Events, December 1973, no. 6, p. 2.Google Scholar

68. Ibid., December 1974, no. 6, p. 3.Google Scholar

69. Ibid., October 1973, no. 5, p. 3.Google Scholar

70. Forgus, , “Estonian Nationalism,” passim.Google Scholar

71. Parming, , “Contrasts in Nationalism,” p. 22.Google Scholar

72. Ibid., p. 17.Google Scholar

73. Taagepera, , “Dissimilarities,” p. 8.Google Scholar