Thin-film Photodiode with an a-Si:H/nc-Si:H Absorption Bilayer

Abstract

We report on the fabrication and characterization of n⁺-n-i-δi-p thin-film photodiodes with an active region comprising a hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) n-layer and a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) i-layer. The combination of wide- and narrow-gap absorption layers enables the spectral response extending from the near-ultraviolet (NUV) to the near-infrared (NIR) region. Moreover, in the low-bias range, when only the i-layer is depleted, the leakage current is significantly lower than that in the conventional nc-Si:H n⁺-n-p⁺ photodiode deposited under the same deposition conditions. Device with the 900nm/400nm thick n-i-layers exhibits a reverse dark current density of 3 nA/cm² at −1V. In the high-bias range, when the depletion region expands within the n-layer, the magnitude of the leakage current depends on electronic properties of nc-Si:H. The density of shallow and deep states, and diffusion length of holes in the n-layer have been estimated from the capacitance-voltage characteristics and from the bias dependence of the long-wavelength response, respectively. To improve the quantum efficiency in the NIR-region, we have also implemented a Cr / ZnO:Al back reflector. The observed long-wavelength spectral response is about twice as high as that for a reference photodiode without ZnO:Al layer. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the photodiode for low-level light detection in the NUV-to-NIR spectral range.