Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T23:44:49.771Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Stratigraphic Analysis of Weathering Crusts from the Historic Bastion of San Pedro, Campeche (XVIII century)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2014

Isabel Silva-León ,
Javier Reyes ,
Tezozomoc Pérez ,
Elia Alonso  and
P. Bartolo Pérez
Isabel Silva-León
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación en Corrosión, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
Javier Reyes*
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación en Corrosión, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
Tezozomoc Pérez
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación en Corrosión, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
Elia Alonso
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
P. Bartolo Pérez
Affiliation:
Centro de investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Mexico.
*
*e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The Bastion of San Pedro is part of the defensive infrastructure projected by Spanish colonizers in San Francisco de Campeche City, in order to protect the city and their inhabitants from pirates who ravaged the region during the XVIth and XIXth centuries. The bastion is a masonry structure built by using calcareous materials according the Spanish procedures from the edge. Since its construction, it has been under the synergetic interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors that promote degradation. In this study optical microscopy (MO) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to a dispersive analysis system (SEM/EDS) were used in order to analyze the stratigraphic profile of mortar weathered samples collected from walls of the Bastion of San Pedro. According the results, the samples were formed by three substrata: an upper external layer in contact with the environment (100 to 300 µm), the other one is an inner layer with thickness around 100 to 400 µm. The last substrate was formed by the mortar matrix composed by elements such as C, O, Ca, Si and Al, that indicate their mineral origin. By the other hand, it is important to note that the upper layer contained higher proportion of C respect to the other layers. It is probably major consequence of biomass encrustation rather that atmospheric pollution according to the particular environmental conditions surrounding the building.

Keywords

corrosionscanning electron microscopy (SEM)microstructure
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1618: Symposium 8A – Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Issues in Materials Science , 2014 , pp. 233 - 240
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Reyes, J.; Gutiérrez, G., Centeno, G., Treviño, D., Bartolo, P., Quintana, P., Azamar, J. A., Pérez, T., Chemical characterization of crusts formed in mortars of historical buildings in San Francisco de Campeche City, Mexico. First Historical Mortar Conference. Lisbon, Portugal (2008).Google Scholar
Reyes, J., Silva, I., Pérez, T.; Corvo, F.; Martínez, W., Alonso, E. M., Quintana, P.. Journal ALCONPAT 2 (3), 170 – 184 (2012).Google Scholar
Silva, I.. Efecto del entorno urbano en la degradación del Baluarte de San Pedro. Undergradute thesis. Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, 2013.Google Scholar
Valero, J. M., del Rio, C., Caballero, S., Alava, J. I., Munibe 48, 87–94 (1996).Google Scholar
Prada, J.L., Valenciano, A. y Navarro, A.. Acta Geologica Hispanica 30 (1–3), 97-110 (1996).Google Scholar
Bonazza, A., Sabbioni, C., Ghedini, N., Hermosin, B., Jurado, V., Gonzalez, J., Saiz-Jimenez, C.. Did Smoke from the Kuwait Oil Well Fires Affect Iranian Archaeological Heritage?. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41(7), 2378–2386 (2007).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charola, E., Josef, P., Michael, S., Environ. Geol. 52, 339–352. (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benzzi, K., Tanouti, B., Bouabdelli, M., Alvarez, A., Brianso, J. L., Cherradi, F., Environ. Geol. 53, 1283–1288 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnaiz, M.; Martin, A.. Alteración de los materiales pétreos de obras monumentales, acción de la contaminación ambiental. Informe del Instituto Eduardo Torroja de la Construcción y del Cemento (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1977) pp. 1–47.Google Scholar
Torres, F.. Efecto de la lluvia en materiales pétreos del patrimonio histórico del estado de Campeche. Undergradute thesis. Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, 2009.Google Scholar
Cook, D., Van Order, A. C., Reyes, J., Oh, S. J., Balasubramanian, R., Carpio, J. J., Towsend, E.. “Atmospheric corrosion in marine environments along the Gulf of México” in Marine Corrosion in Tropical Environment. Edited by Dean, S. W. Hernández-Duque Delgadillo, G., Bushman, J. B., (ASTM STP 1399, 2000) pp. 75–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corvo, F., Reyes, J., Valdes, C., Villaseñor, F., Cuesta, O., Aguilar, D., Quintana, P., Water Air Soil Pollut. 205, 359–375 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar