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The search for high cycle life, high capacity, self healing negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries and a potential solution based on lithiated gallium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2011

Mark W. Verbrugge ,
Rutooj D. Deshpande ,
Juchuan Li  and
Yang-Tse Cheng
Mark W. Verbrugge
Affiliation:
Chemical Sciences and Materials Systems Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, MI 48090, USA
Rutooj D. Deshpande
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
Juchuan Li
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
Yang-Tse Cheng
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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Abstract

Automotive components, for the most part, are designed to last for the life of the vehicle. This is especially true for more expensive subsystems. As we move towards electrified vehicles with large traction batteries, it becomes increasingly important to (a) reduce the cost of the batteries and (b) improve battery life. This life challenge for the traction battery is quite different from that of most consumer electronics applications, which often require no more than a few years of life and a few hundred cycles of full charge and discharge. In this paper, we provide context for the automotive battery landscape and subsequently introduce a potential solution pathway to the cycle life problem associated with high capacity negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries. The approach is based on a solid (in the substantially lithiated state) to liquid (in the absence of significant lithium) transition for the gallium electrode. Because of gallium’s low melting point (29°C), heating the cell to just above ambient temperature transforms the electrode to a semi-liquid state, cracks vanish, to a large extent, and the electrode heals.

Keywords

energy storageGaLi
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1333: Symposium M – Nanostructured Materials for Energy Storage , 2011 , mrss11-1333-m05-04
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

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