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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 February 2011
A series of cobalt-doped barium titanate crystals were grown that have high beam-coupling gain. Our photorefractive characterization shows that with increasing cobalt concentration in the crystal a deep level is formed and the relative effect of shallow levels on the space-charge field amplitude diminishes. This gives the crystal a long dark storage time. We find that cobalt-doping in barium titanate increases the two-beam coupling gain by reducing the dark conductivity and increasing the total effective trap density.