Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T04:25:28.802Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nanomorphing with Ultrafast Lasers and Biomedical Applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2011

Alan J. Hunt
Alan J. Hunt*
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

Classically, the limit for optical machining is on the order of the wavelength of the incident light. However, by taking advantage of precise, nonlinear damage mechanisms that occur for femtosecond laser pulses, damage can be achieved on a scale an order of magnitude lower, allowing precise removal of very small amounts of material to produce holes mere tens of nanometers wide. Femtosecond laser nanomachining can be carried out in a variety of dielectrics, and in transparent substrates machining can be sub-surface, in contrast to other nanomachining techniques such as using an electron beam or focused ion beam. We focus on the use of glass, as it is in many ways an ideal material for use in biological applications due to its chemical, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. By precisely placing laser pulses in glass, three dimensional nano and microfluidic channels and devices can be formed including nozzles, mixers, and separation columns. Recent advances in this technique allow the formation of high aspect ratio nanochannels from single pulses, thus helping address the fabrication speed limitations presented by serial processing. These nanochannels have a range of applications including the fabrication of nanoscale pores and nanowells that may serve as vias between fluidic channels, or from channels to a surface. These nanochannels have applications as a standalone technique for fabrication of nanopores and nanowells, but can also complement other fabrication techniques by allowing precisely placed jumpers that can connect channels that are out of plane. We discuss applications for diagnostic microfluidic devices, and basic cell biology research.

Keywords

machininglasernanoscale
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1365: Symposium TT – Laser-Material Interactions at Micro/Nanoscales , 2011 , mrss11-1365-tt01-02
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

An, R., Hoffman, MD, Donoghue, MA, Hunt, AJ, Jacobson, SC. 2008. Water-assisted femtosecond laser machining of electrospray nozzles on glass microfluidic devices. Optics Express. 16:6.Google Scholar
An, R., Uram, J.D., Yusko, E.C., Ke, K., Mayer, M., and Hunt, A.J.. 2008. Ultrafast laser fabrication of submicrometer pores in borosilicate glass. Opt Lett. 33:1153–5.Google Scholar
Du, D., Liu, X., and Mourou, G.. 1996. Reduction of multi-photon ionization in dielectrics due to collisions. Appl. Phys. B. 63:617–621.Google Scholar
Herbstman, JF, and Hunt, AJ (2010) High-aspect ratio nanochannel formation by single femtosecond laser pulses. Optics Express, 18: 16840–16848.Google Scholar
Joglekar, A.P., Liu, H., Spooner, G.J., Meyhofer, E., Mourou, G., and Hunt, A.J.. 2003. A study of the deterministic character of optical damage by femtosecond laser pulses and applications to nanomachining. Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics. 77:25–30.Google Scholar
Joglekar, A.P., Liu, H.H., Meyhofer, E., Mourou, G., and Hunt, A.J.. 2004. Optics at critical intensity: Applications to nanomorphing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101:5856–5861.Google Scholar
Ke, K., Hasselbrink, E., Hunt, A.J. 2005. Rapidly-Prototyped Three-Dimensional Nanofluidic Channel Networks in Glass Substrates. Anal. Chem. 77:5.Google Scholar
Keller, U. 2003. Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers. Nature. 424:831–8.Google Scholar
Kudryashov, S., Mourou, G, Joglekar, A, Herbstman, JF, Hunt, AJ. 2007. Nanochannels fabricated by high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses on dielectric surfaces. Applied Physics Letters. 91.Google Scholar
Lee, S., Bull, JL, Hunt, AJ. 2007. Acoustic phenomena during femtosecond laser machining. Applied Physics Letters. 91.Google Scholar
Lee, S., An, R, Hunt, AJ, 2010. Liquid Glass Electrodes for Nanofluidics. Nature Nanotechnology, 5: 412 – 416.Google Scholar
McDonald, J., Mistry, VR, Ray, KE, SM Yalisove. 2006. Femtosecond pulsed laser direct write production of nano- and microfluidic channels. Applied Physics Letters 88.Google Scholar
Pronko, P., Dutta, S., Squier, J., Rudd, J., Du, D., and Mourou, G.. 1995. Machining of Sub-Micron Holes using a Femtosecond Laser at 800 nm. Opt. Commun. 114:106–110.Google Scholar
Temnov, V., Sokolowski-Tinten, K, Zhou, P, El-Khamhawy, A, von der Linde, D 2006. Multiphoton Ionization in Dielectrics: Comparison of Circular and Linear Polarization. Phys. Rev. Lett.. 97:4.Google Scholar
Uram, J.D., Ke, K., Hunt, A.J., and Mayer, M.. 2006a. Label-free affinity assays by rapid detection of immune complexes in submicrometer pores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 45:2281–5.Google Scholar
Uram, J.D., Ke, K., Hunt, A.J., and Mayer, M.. 2006b. Submicrometer pore-based characterization and quantification of antibody-virus interactions. Small. 2:967–72.Google Scholar
Velmurugan, J., Zhan, D., and Mirkin, M.V.. 2010. Electrochemistry through glass. Nature Chemstry 2:498 Google Scholar
Venkatakrishnan, K., Tran, B., Stanley, P., and Sivakumar, N.. 2002. The effect of polarization on ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of thin metal films. J. Appl. Phys. 92:1604–1607.Google Scholar
White, Y., Li, XX, Sikorski, Z, Davis, LM, Hofmeister, W. 2008. Single-pulse ultrafast-laser machining of high aspect nano-holes at the surface of SiO2. Optics Express 16:10.Google Scholar