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Li-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Novel Direct Generator of Singlet Oxygen for Potential Photodynamic Therapy Applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2015

Milton A. Martínez Julca ,
Ivonnemary Rivera ,
Oscar Perales-Pérez ,
Sonia Bailón  and
Melina Pérez
Milton A. Martínez Julca
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus Department of Engineering Science and Materials, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus
Ivonnemary Rivera
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus Department of Engineering Science and Materials, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus
Oscar Perales-Pérez
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Science and Materials, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus
Sonia Bailón
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico in Ponce, P.R.
Melina Pérez
Affiliation:
Food Science & Technology Program, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez , P.R.
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Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative to traditional cancer treatments. This approach involves the use of photosensitizer (PS) agents and their interaction with light. As a consequence, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated that, in turn will destroy tumors. On the other hand, ZnO is a biocompatible, nontoxic, and biodegradable material with the capability to generate ROS, specifically singlet oxygen (SO), which makes this material a promising candidate for 2-photon PDT. Doping ZnO with Li species is expected to induce defects in the host oxide structure that favors the formation of trap states that should affect the electronic transitions related to the generation of SO. The present work reports the effect of the level of Li-doping on the ZnO structure and its capability to generate SO. Li-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized under size-controlled conditions using a modified version of the polyol method. XRD measurements confirmed the development of well-crystallized ZnO Wurtzite; the average crystallite sizes ranged between 13.3nm and 14.2 nm, with an increase in Li content. The corresponding band gap energy values, estimated from UV-vis measurements, decreased from 3.33 to 3.25 eV. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements of Li-ZnO revealed the presence of emission peaks centered on 363nm, 390nm, and 556 nm; these emission peaks correspond to the exciton emission, transition of shallow donor levels near of the conduction band to valence band such as interstitial Zn, and oxygen vacancies, respectively. The observed increase of the emission intensity of the 390 nm emission peak, relative to the intensity of the main emission peak at 363nm, was attributed to the promote of trap states due to interstitial Zn or Li-incorporation into the host oxide lattice. SO measurements evidenced the enhancing effect of the Li concentration on the capability of the doped ZnO to generate this species. This Li-dependence of SO generation can be attributed to the enhancement of the concentration of trap states in the host ZnO, as suggested by PL measurements. Accordingly, Li-ZnO would become cytotoxic to cancer cells via photo-induced ROS generation enabling this nanomaterial to be considered as a potential direct PS agent for the 2-photon PDT route.

Keywords

defectsluminescencebiomedical
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1784: Symposium R – Photoactive Nanoparticles and Nanostructures , 2015 , mrss15-2136565
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

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