Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T06:38:23.895Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Horizontal carbon nanotube interconnects for advanced integrated circuits.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2013

Jean Dijon ,
Nicolo Chiodarelli ,
Adeline Fournier ,
Hanako Okuno  and
Raphael Ramos
Jean Dijon
Affiliation:
CEA LITEN DTNM, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
Nicolo Chiodarelli
Affiliation:
CEA LITEN DTNM, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
Adeline Fournier
Affiliation:
CEA LITEN DTNM, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
Hanako Okuno
Affiliation:
CEA LITEN DTNM, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
Raphael Ramos
Affiliation:
CEA LITEN DTNM, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
Get access

Abstract

Horizontal carbon nanotube (CNT) interconnects are fabricated using a novel integration scheme yielding record wall densities >1013 shell/cm2, i.e. close to the density required for implementation in advanced integrated circuits. The CNTs are grown vertically from individual via structure and subsequently flipped onto the horizontal wafer surface. Various electrode designs are then used to produce different geometries of metal-to-tube contact such as side contact or end contact. CNT lines - 50 to 100 nm wide and up to 20 µm long - are realized and electrically characterized. The sum of the contact resistances from both ends of the lines is close to 500 Ω for 100 nm diameter lines which leads to a specific contact resistance of 1.6 10-8 Ω.cm2 per tube. With the developed technology, post-annealing of the contact does not improve the resistance values. Both chromium and palladium are used as contact metal. While contact resistance is equivalent with the two metals, the resistance per unit length of the lines does change and is better with palladium. This dependence is explained using a tunnelling model which shows that statistics of individual tube-metal contact is required to properly model the electrical results. Direct experimental evidences showing that only a part of the CNTs in the bundle is electrically connected are also given. Our best line resistivity achieved is 1.6mΩ.cm which is among the best results published for horizontally aligned CNTs and the only one with a realistic geometry for future VLSI interconnects.

Keywords

Cmicroelectronicselectrical properties
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1559: Symposium AA – Advanced Interconnects for Micro- and Nanoelectronics—Materials, Processes and Reliability , 2013 , mrss13-1559-aa02-01
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Wei, B.Q., Vajtal, R., Ajayan, P.M “Reliability and current carrying capacity of carbon nanotubes, ” Apl. Pys. Lett. Vol79 n°8 pp1172–1174 Aug 2001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McEuen, P.L., Fuhrer, M.S. and Park, H., “Single wall carbon nanotube electronic“, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. Vol.1, n°1, p.78–85, Mar 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, H.J., Lu, W.G. et al. ., “Multichanel ballistic transport in multiwall carbon nanotubes” P.R.L. Vol. 95 n°8, p. 086601, Aug 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava, N., Li, H., Kreupl, F. and Banerjee, K. “On the applicability of Single wall carbon nanotubes as VLSI Interconnects”, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. Vol. 8 n°4, p.542–559, July 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Awano, Y., Sato, S., Nihei, M. et al. .: Proceedings of the IEEE Vol: 98 n° 12, p 2015–2031, Dec 2010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2011 – Interconnect Google Scholar
International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2011 –ERM p32 Google Scholar
Dijon, J., Fournier, A., Szkutnik, P.D., et al. ., “Carbon nanotubes for interconnects in future integrated circuits: the challenge of the density”, Diam. Relat. Mat. 19, 382–88,(2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiodarelli, N, Richard, O, Bender, H, Heyns, M, De Gendt, S, Groeseneken, G, et al. . “Correlation between number of walls and diameter in multiwall carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition”. Carbon 50, 1748–1752, (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Y, Wei, J, Vajtai, R, Ajayan, PM, Barrera, EV, Nat. Sci. Rep. 1(83), 1–5, (2011)Google Scholar
Dijon, J, Okuno, H, Fayolle, M, Vo, T, Pontcharra, J, Acquaviva, D, et al. . “Ultra-high density carbon nanotube on Al-Cu for advanced vias”. Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) Proceeding (San Francisco. USA): p. 33.4.1-33.4.4, (2010)Google Scholar
Chiodarelli, N., Fournier, A., Okuno, H., Dijon, J. “Carbon Nanotubes Horizontal Interconnects with End-Bonded Contacts, Diameters down to 50nm and Lengths up to 20µm”, Accepted in Carbon Google Scholar
Reeves, GK, Harrison, HB. “Obtaining the specific contact resistance from transmission line model measurements”. IEEE Electron Device Lett; 3(5), 111–113 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vo, T. T.; Poulain, C.; Dijon, J.; et al. . “An experimental method to determine the resistance of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube forest in contact with a conductive layer” J.A.P. 112, (4), 044901, (2012).Google Scholar
Kim, Y.L. ; et al. . “Highly aligned scalable platinum decorated single wall carbon nanotube arrays for nanoscale electrical interconnects”, ASC nano 3, 2818–26 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acquaviva, D., Arun, A., Esconjauregui, S., et al. ., ”Capacitive nanoelectromechanical switch based on suspended carbon nanotube array”, APL 97, 233508, (2010)Google Scholar
Seichepine, F., Salomon, S., Collet, M., et al. ., “A combination of capillary and dielectrophoresis-driven assembly methods for wafer scale integration of carbon-nanotube-based nanocarpets”, Nanotech 23, 095303, (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tawfick, S., O’Brien, K. and Hart, A. J., “Flexible high-conductivity carbon nanotube interconnects made by rolling and printings”, Small 5, n°21, 2467–73,(2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fourdrinier, L., Le Poche, H., Chevalier, N., Mariolle, D., Rouvière, E. “Electrical properties measurements on individual carbon nanofibers by scanning spreading resistance microscopy” J. Appl. Phys ,104, 114305, (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, J.G. “Generalized formula for electrical tunnel effect between similar electrodes separated by a thin insulating film” J.A.P 34(6):1793–1803, (1963)Google Scholar
Shan, B., Cho, K., “Ab initio study of schottky barriers at metal-nanotube contacts”, PRB 70, 233405, (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franklin, A.D. and Chen, Z., Nature nano 5, 858–62, (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leong, H. L., Gan, C. L., Made, R. I., Thompson, C. V., Pey, K. L., and Li, H. Y., Experimental characterization and modeling of the contact resistance of Cu–Cu bonded interconnects, J. A. P. 105, 033514, (2009).Google Scholar
Robinson, J.A., LaBella, M., et al. ., “Contacting Graphene”, APL 98, 053103, (2011).Google Scholar
Kim, S., Kulkarni, D.D. et al. ., “Fabrication of an ultralow resistance Ohmic contact to MWCNT-metal interconnect using graphitic carbon by electron beam induced deposition”, IEEE Trans. Nano. 11 n°6, 1230–1237, (2012).Google Scholar