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Formation and Applications of Hierarchically Porous Carbon, Metals and Metal Oxides Formed by Nanocasting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2012

Franchessa M. Sayler ,
Amy J. Grano ,
William Scogin ,
Pasha Sanders ,
Jan-Henrik Smått ,
Kevin H. Shaughnessy  and
Martin G. Bakker
Franchessa M. Sayler
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
Amy J. Grano
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
William Scogin
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
Pasha Sanders
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
Jan-Henrik Smått
Affiliation:
Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
Martin G. Bakker
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
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Abstract

Hierarchically porous materials are of interest in a wide range of applications. If the materials are electronic or ionic conductors such materials are of interest as electrodes for use in fuel cells, flow batteries, electrocatalysis, and pseudo/supercapacitors. We have demonstrated the synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon, metal and metal oxide monoliths. Hierarchically porous silica with porosity at three length scales: 0.5-30 micrometer, 200-500 nm, and 3-8 nm, is used as a template to form these materials. The porosity of the silica template is produced by spinodal decomposition (0.5-30 micrometer), particle agglomeration (200-500 nm) and addition of surfactant or block copolymer (3-8 nm). Nanocasting: replication of all or part of the structure via one of a number of chemical replication techniques has been used to produce the carbon, metal oxide and metal replicas. The final surface areas of the materials can be as high as 1200 m2/g for carbon replicas, and >300 m2/g for metals and metal oxides. The use of the nanocasting technique allows for formation of materials that are compositionally or spatially heterogeneous.

We report here results on the synthesis and characterization of hierarchically porous monoliths of carbon and, nickel and the use of some of these monoliths in catalysis and electrochemical capacitors.

Keywords

porositycatalyticenergy storage
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1389: Symposium G – Applications of Hierarchical 3D Structures , 2012 , mrsf11-1389-g05-05
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

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References

REFERENCES

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