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Commercial Cokes and Graphites as Anode Materials for Lithium - Ion Cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

David J. Derwin ,
Kim Kinoshita ,
Tri D. Tran  and
Peter Zaleski
David J. Derwin
Affiliation:
Superior Graphite Co., 6540 S. Laramie Ave. Chicago, Ill. 60638
Kim Kinoshita
Affiliation:
Energy and Environmental Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Ca. 94720
Tri D. Tran
Affiliation:
Chemistry & Materials Science Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Ca. 94550
Peter Zaleski
Affiliation:
Superior Graphite Co., 6540 S. Laramie Ave. Chicago, Ill. 60638
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Abstract

Several types of carbonaceous materials from Superior Graphite Co. were investigated for lithium ion intercalation. These commercially available cokes, graphitized cokes and graphites have a wide range of physical and chemical properties. The coke materials were investigated in propylene carbonate based electrolytes and the graphitic materials were studied in ethylene carbonate / dimethyl solutions to prevent exfoliation. The reversible capacities of disordered cokes are below 230 mAh / g and those for many highly ordered synthetic (artificial) and natural graphites approached 372 mAh / g (LiC6). The irreversible capacity losses vary between 15 to as much as 200 % of reversible capacities for various types of carbon. Heat treated cokes with the average particle size of 10 microns showed marked improvements in reversible capacity for lithium intercalation. The electrochemical characteristics are correlated with data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TAM), X - ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area analysis. The electrochemical performance, availability, cost and manufacturability of these commercial carbons will be discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 496: Symposium Y – Materials For Electrochemical Energy Storage & Conversion II… , 1997 , 575
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1998

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References

REFERENCES

1. Tran, T. D., Feikert, J. H., Song, X., and Kinoshita, K., J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 3297 (1995)Google Scholar