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Biocompatibility, Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement and Portland Cement-Metakaolin Blends for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Daniel Gallego ,
Natalia Higuita ,
Felipe Garcia ,
Olga M. Posada ,
Luis E. Lopez ,
Alan S. Litsky  and
Derek J. Hansford
Daniel Gallego
Affiliation:
[email protected], The Ohio State University, Biomedical Enginering, 1381 Kinnear Rd. Suite 100, Columbus, OH, 43212, United States, 614-4297539
Natalia Higuita
Affiliation:
[email protected], The Ohio State University, Biomedical Enginering Department, 1080 Carmack Road (Bevis Hall, Suite 270), Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
Felipe Garcia
Affiliation:
[email protected], Grupo de Investigacion en Ingenieria Biomedica EIA-CES (GIBEC), Envigado, N/A, Colombia
Olga M. Posada
Affiliation:
[email protected], Grupo de Investigacion en Ingenieria Biomedica EIA-CES (GIBEC), Envigado, N/A, Colombia
Luis E. Lopez
Affiliation:
[email protected], Grupo de Investigacion en Ingenieria Biomedica EIA-CES (GIBEC), Envigado, N/A, Colombia
Alan S. Litsky
Affiliation:
[email protected], The Ohio State University, Biomedical Enginering Department, 1080 Carmack Road (Bevis Hall, Suite 270), Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
Derek J. Hansford
Affiliation:
[email protected], The Ohio State University, Biomedical Enginering Department, 1080 Carmack Road (Bevis Hall, Suite 270), Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
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Abstract

We studied the potential applications of Portland cement and Portland cement-Metakaolin blends as scaffolding materials for load bearing bone tissue engineering. Cementitious pastes were prepared by mixing Portland cement and Metakaolin at different ratios (100:0, 85:15), and hydrated under a concentrated CO2 atmosphere (carbonated pastes). Pastes fabricated similarly, but hydrated under normal atmospheric conditions were used for comparison (non-carbonated pastes). Compressive tests were run to evaluate the mechanical properties of the pastes. The bioactivity of the samples was tested in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1 and 4 days. Sample morphology and chemistry were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The cytocompatibility was studied using human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell cultures and the direct contact assay. Mechanical characterization did not show significant differences in the compressive strength of the blends compared to pure cement controls. The bioactivity test revealed that the pastes induced surface precipitation of calcium phosphate (CaP) when exposed to the SBF solution (as confirmed by SEM and EDS). Non-carbonated pastes induced early CaP precipitation. Cytocompatibility experiments showed that the carbonated blends allowed adequate cell growth. Non-carbonated blends presented a highly cytotoxic behavior. The introduction of Metakaolin did not affect the cytocompatibility of the samples. These results show that Portland cement and Portland cement-Metakaolin blends could present suitable characteristics for applications as scaffolding materials in load bearing bone tissue engineering.

Keywords

biomaterialblendbone
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1094: Symposium DD – From Biological Materials to Biomimetic Material Synthesis , 2008 , 1094-DD09-04
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

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