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Automotive Applications of Sol-Gel Processed Materials: Novel, Low Power Consumption, Electrically Heatable Catalyst Devices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

S. R. Nakouzi ,
J. R. McBride ,
K. E. Nietering ,
J. H. Visser ,
A. A. Adamczyk Jr  and
C. K. Narula
S. R. Nakouzi
Affiliation:
Chemistry Department, Ford Motor Co., P.O. Box 2053, MD 3083, Dearborn, MI 48121
J. R. McBride
Affiliation:
Physics Department, Ford Motor Co., P.O. Box 2053, MD 3028, Dearborn, MI 48121
K. E. Nietering
Affiliation:
Physics Department, Ford Motor Co., P.O. Box 2053, MD 3028, Dearborn, MI 48121
J. H. Visser
Affiliation:
Physics Department, Ford Motor Co., P.O. Box 2053, MD 3028, Dearborn, MI 48121
A. A. Adamczyk Jr
Affiliation:
Chemical Engineering Department, P.O. Box 2053, MD 3179, Dearborn, MI 48121
C. K. Narula
Affiliation:
Chemistry Department, Ford Motor Co., P.O. Box 2053, MD 3083, Dearborn, MI 48121
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Abstract

Exhaust gas heat is the primary source of warming in a conventional automotive exhaust catalyst. It typically becomes operational within minutes after the initial start-up of an engine, when it attains temperatures greater than approximately 350°C. However, around 70% of the total hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of a modern gasoline powered vehicle, under a normal driving cycle, are released during this period of cold-start. One of the strategies suggested to treat the pollutants during the first minute after initial start-up involves electrically heating the catalyst. However, devices developed for this purpose are power intensive, can require a second battery and can reduce fuel economy. The increased weight, in turn, results in increased pollution. Here we describe a low power consumption prototype which contains a conducting layer beneath the washcoat. The prototype [4 cm2] was tested at a gas flow rate of 100 seem and required less than 5 Watts to attain temperatures greater than 350°C in less than 10 seconds. The prototype was tested in a flow reactor and found to rapidly heat up to light-off temperatures where the conversion of the hydrocarbons and CO takes place. We also summarize progress made in our laboratory in the fabrication of a test device employing sol-gel processed metal oxide films.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 454: Symposium S – Advanced Catalytic Materials–1996 , 1996 , 283
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1997

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References

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