Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 February 2011
Electron-beam-induced surface reactions and rearrangements have been observed for a number of oxides including MgO, TiO2, SrTiO3 and SnO2 using conventional and ultra-high-vacuum high-resolution electron microscopes. Electron irradiation of TiO2 resulted in a variety of effects including reduction, re-oxidation and amorphization. SnO2 was observed to form facets readily during high-resolution imaging but it was stable against reduction except when exposed to extreme current densities which caused the formation of metallic tin crystals. Electron irradiation of MgO under UHV conditions resulted in the formation of facetted pits. The surfaces of SrTiO3 were stable for moderate electron dose rates but rapidly amorphized when irradiated at extreme current densities.