Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-01T21:27:40.396Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Improved Second Harmonic Generation from Langmuir-Blodgett Films of an Azacrown Ether Fullerene Derivative

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2011

David A. Leigh
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom
Frances Wade
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom
Terry A. King
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
David West
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Gurmit S. Bahra
Affiliation:
Defence Research Agency, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent TN14 7BF, United Kingdom
Get access

Abstract

The amphiphilic fullerene derivative (1-aza-18-crown-6)-hydrofullerene-60 (C60-1A18C6, 1) exhibits improved Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film forming properties and the resulting LB films exhibit a nonlinear second order susceptibility, X(2)pp of 3.2 pm/V, the highest yet reported for a fullerene or fullerene derivative.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

(1) Hebard, A. F., Annu Rev Mater Sci, 23, 159 (1993).Google Scholar
(2) (a) Kafafi, Z. H., Photonics Spectra 1993, 76. (b) B. Hamilton, J.S. Rimmer, M. Anderson and D. A. Leigh, Adv. Mater., 5, 583 (1993).Google Scholar
(3) Taylor, R. and Walton, D. R. M. Nature, 363, 685 (1993).Google Scholar
(4) Davey, S. N., Leigh, D. A., Moody, A. E., Tetler, L. W. and Wade, F. A., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 397.Google Scholar
(5) Prasad, P. N. and Williams, D. J., Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers (Wiley, New York, 1991).Google Scholar
(6) (a) Hoshi, H., Nakamura, N., Maruyama, Y., Nakagawa, T., Suzuki, S., Shiromaru, H. and Achiba, Y., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 30, L1397 (1991). (b) Z. H. Kafafi, J. R. Lindle, R. G. S. Pong, F. J. Bartoli, L. J. Lingg and J. Milliken, Chem. Phys. Lett., 188, 492 (1992). (c) F. Kazjar, C. Taliani, R. Zamboni, S. Rossini and R. Danieli, Synthetic metals, 54, 21 (1993).Google Scholar
(7) Wang, X. K., Zhang, T. G., Lin, W. P., Liu, S., Wong, G. K., Kappes, M. M., Chang, R. P. H. and Ketterson, J. B., Appl. Phys. Lett., 60, 810 (1992).Google Scholar
(8) (a) Williams, G., Pearson, C., Bryce, M. R. and Petty, M. C., Thin Solid Films, 209, 150 (1992). (b) T. Nakamura, H. Tachibana, M. Yumura, M. Matsumoto, R. Azumi, M. Tanaka and Y.Kawabata, Langmuir, 8, 4 (1992). (c) J. Guo, Y. Xu, Y. Li, C. Yang, Y. Yao, D. Zhu and C. Bai, Chem. Phys. Lett., 195, 625 (1992). (d) P. Wing, M. Shamsuzzoha, X. Wu, W. Lee and R. M. Metzger, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 9025 (1992). (e) P. Wang, R. M. Metzger, S. Bandow and Y. Maruyama, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 2926 (1993). (f) F. Diederich, J. Effing, U. Jonas, L. Jullien, T. Plesnivy, H. Ringsdorf, C. Thilgen and D. Weinstein, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 31,1599 (1992). (g) C. Jehoulet, Y. S. Obeng, Y. T. Kim, F. Zhou and A. J. Bard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 4237 (1992).Google Scholar
(9) (a) Wilson, J. R., Meijer, G., Bethune, D. S., Johnson, R. D., Chambliss, D., Vries, M. S. de, Huziker, H. E. and Wendt, H. R., Nature, 348, 621 (1991). (b) J. L. Wragg, J. E. Chamberlin, H. W. White, W. Kratschmer and K. Huffman, Nature, 384, 623 (1991).Google Scholar
(10) (a) Krtschmer, W., Lamb, L. D., Fostiropoulos, K. and Huffman, D. R., Nature, 347, 354 (1990). (b) R. M. Fleming A. P. Ramirez, M. J. Rosseinsky, D. W. Murphy, R. C. Haddon, S. M. Zahurak and A. V. Makhija, Nature, 352, 701 (1991)Google Scholar
(11) Obeng, Y. S. and Bard, A. J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6279 (1991).Google Scholar
(12) Maliszewskyj, N. C., Heiney, P. A., Jones, D. R., Strongin, R. M., Cichy, M. A. and Smith, A. B., Langmuir, 9, 1439 (1993).Google Scholar
(13) Goldenberg, L. M., Williams, G., Bryce, M. R., Monkman, A. P., Petty, M. C., Hirsch, A., Sol, A., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 1310 Google Scholar
(14) With the new IUPAC-approved numbering system this derivative becomes a 1,2- not 1,9-isomer.Google Scholar
(15) Diederich, F., Jonas, U., Gramlich, V., Herrmann, A., Ringsdorf, H. and Thilgen, C., Helv. Chim. Acta, 76, 2445 (1993).Google Scholar
(16) Molecular modelling calculations were performed using ZINDO and carried out on a Tektronix CAChe workstation.Google Scholar
(17) Leigh, D. A., Moody, A. E. and Wade, F. A. (manuscript in preparation).Google Scholar
(18) Freshly prepared solutions were used in order to prepare the LB films since the isotherms obtained from solutions made up one or more days in advance were different from those obtained from freshly made solutions. They contained an additional transition region probably indicating the presence of other species in the solution, namely oxidation products.Google Scholar
(19) Hodge, P., Ali-Adib, Z., King, T. A. and West, D., Macromolecules, 26, 1789 (1993)Google Scholar