Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T23:29:12.623Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Insulator–metal transition and the hopping transport in epitaxial Sm0.6Nd0.4NiO3 thin films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

Badr Torriss
Affiliation:
INRS-EMT, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel-Boulet, C. P. 1020, Varennes Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
Joëlle Margot
Affiliation:
Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
Mohamed Chaker*
Affiliation:
INRS-EMT, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel-Boulet, C. P. 1020, Varennes Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
*
Address all correspondence to Mohamed Chaker at [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Epitaxial Sm0.6Nd0.4NiO3 thin films were grown on different substrates by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction indicates that for SLAO substrate, strain relaxation is accompanied by the creation of oxygen vacancies. The film resistivity on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates shows a clear insulator–metal transition (IMT) at 185 and 325 K, respectively, while the film is exclusively semiconducting on SrLaAlO4. At low temperatures, the conductivity of films deposited on SrLaAlO4 and SrTiO3 is described by the Mott variable-range hopping mechanism. With increasing film thickness, progressive tensile strain relaxation takes place, which in turn results in a gradual decrease in the IMT temperature.

Type
Research Letters
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Bibes, M. and Barthelemy, A.: Oxide spintronics. IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 54, 10031023 (2007).Google Scholar
2. Imada, M., Fujimori, A., and Tokura, Y.: Metal-insulator transition. Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 10391263 (1998).Google Scholar
3. Yang, Z., Ko, Ch, and Ramanathan, Sh: Oxide electronics utilizing ultrafast metal-insulator transitions. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 41, 337367 (2011).Google Scholar
4. Medarde, M.: Structural, magnetic and electronic properties of RNiO3 perovskites (R = rare earth). J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9, 16791707 (1997).Google Scholar
5. Catalan, G.: Progress in perovskite nickelate research. Phase Transit. 81, 729749 (2008).Google Scholar
6. Staub, U., Meijer, G.I., Fauth, F., Allenspach, R., Bednorz, J.G., Karpinski, J., Kazakov, S.M., Paolasini, L., and d'Acapito, F.: Direct observation of charge order in an epitaxial NdNiO3 film. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 126402 (2002).Google Scholar
7. Scagnoli, V., Staub, U., Janousch, M., Mulders, A.M., Shi, M., Meijer, G.I., Rosenkranz, S., Wilkins, S.B., Paolasini, L., Karpinski, J., Kazakov, S.M., and Lovesey, S.W.: Charge disproportionation and search for orbital ordering in NdNiO3 by use of resonant x-ray diffraction. Phys. Rev. B 72, 155111 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Stewart, M.K., Brownstead, D., Liu, J., Kareev, M., Chakhalian, J., and Basov, D.N.: Heterostructuring and strain effects on the infrared optical properties of nickelates. Phys. Rev. B 86, 205102 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. de Almeida, L.A.L., Deep, G.S., Lima, A.M.N., Khreobtov, I.A., Malyarov, V.G., and Neff, H.: Modeling and performance of vanadium-oxide transition edge microbolometers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 36053607 (2004).Google Scholar
10. Huotari, J., Bjorklund, R., Lappalainen, J., and Lloyd Spetz, A.: Pulsed laser deposited nanostructured vanadium oxide thin film characterized as Ammonia sensors. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 217, 2229 (2015).Google Scholar
11. Markov, P., Marvel, R.E., Conley, H.J., Miller, K.J., Haglund, R.F., and Weiss, S.M.: Optically monitored electrical switching in VO2 . ACS Photon. 2, 11751182 (2015).Google Scholar
12. Meyers, D., Middey, S., Kareev, M., van Veenendaal, M., Moon, E.J., Gray, B.A., Liu, J., Freeland, J.W., and Chakhalian, J.: Strain-modulated Mott transition in EuNiO3 ultrathin film. Phys. Rev. B 88, 075116 (2013).Google Scholar
13. Eguchi, R., Okamoto, Y., Hiroi, Z., Shin, S., Chainani, A., Tanaka, Y., Matsunami, M., Takata, Y., Nishino, Y., Tamasaku, K., Yabashi, M., and Ishikawa, T.: Structure and photoemission spectroscopy of strain-controlled metal-insulator transition in NdNiO3 thin film. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 056103 (2009).Google Scholar
14. Liu, J., Kareev, M., Gray, B., Kim, J.W., Ryan, P., Dabrowski, B., Freeland, J.W., and Chakhalian, J.: Strain-mediated metal-insulator transition in epitaxial ultrathin films of NdNiO3 . Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 233110 (2010).Google Scholar
15. Nikulin, I., Novojilov, M., Kaul, A., Mudretsova, S., and Kondrashov, S.: Oxygen nonstoichiometry of NdNiO3−δ and SmNiO3−δ . Mater. Res. Bull. 39, 775791 (2004).Google Scholar
16. Conchon, F., Boulle, A., Guinebretiere, R., Girardot, C., Pignard, S., Kreisel, J., Weiss, F., Dooryhee, E., and Hodeau, J.-L.: Effect of tensile and compressive strains on the transport properties of SmNiO3 layers epitaxially grown on (001) SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 192110 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Huang, H., Luo, Zh, Yang, Y., Yun, Y., Yang, M., Meng, D., Wang, H., Hu, S., Bao, J., Lu, Y., and Gao, Ch: DC-current metal-insulator transition in epitaxial Sm0.6Nd0.4NiO3/LaAlO3 thin film. AIP Adv. 4, 057102 (2014).Google Scholar
18. Huang, H., Luo, Zh, Yang, Y., Yang, M., Wang, H., Pan, G., Lu, Y., and Gao, Ch: The effect of growth oxygen pressure on the metal–insulator transition of ultrathin Sm0.6Nd0.4NiO3−δ epitaxial films. RSC Adv. 4, 55082 (2014).Google Scholar
19. Girardot, C., Kreisel, J., Pignard, S., Caillault, N., and Weiss, F.: Raman scattering investigation across the magnetic and metal–insulator transition in rare earth nickelate RNiO3 (R = Sm, Nd) thin films. Phys. Rev. B 78, 104101 (2008).Google Scholar
20. Liu, J., Kargarian, M., Kareev, M., Gray, B., Ryan, P.J., Cruz, A., Tahir, N., Chuang, Y.-D., Guo, J., Rondinelli, J.M., Freeland, J.W., Fiete, G.A., and Chakhalian, J.: Heterointerface engineered electronic and magnetic phases of NdNiO3 thin films. Nat. Commun. 4, 2714 (2013).Google Scholar
21. Mikheev, E., Hauser, A.J., Himmetoglu, B., Moreno, N.E., Janotti, A., Van de Walle, C.G., and Stemmer, S.: Tuning bad metal and non-Fermi liquid behavior in a Mott material: rare-earth nickelate thin films. Sci. Adv. 1, 10 (2015).Google Scholar
22. Catalano, S., Gibert, M., Bisogni, V., Peil, O.E., He, F., Sutarto, R., Viret, M., Zubko, P., Scherwitzl, R., Georges, A., Sawatzky, G. A., Schmitt, T., and Triscone, J.-M.: Electronic transitions in strained SmNiO3 thin films. APL Mater. 2, 116110 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Catalan, G., Bowman, R.M., and Gregg, J.M.: Metal-insulator transitions in NdNiO3 thin films. Phys. Rev. B 62, 7892 (2000).Google Scholar
24. Zhang, L., Gardner, H.J., Chen, X.G., Singh, V.R., and Hong, X.: Strain induced modulation of the correlated transport in epitaxial Sm0.5Nd0.5NiO3 thin films. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 27, 132201 (2015).Google Scholar
25. Zhang, L., Chen, X.G., Gardner, H.J., Koten, M.A., Shield, J.E., and Hong, X.: Effect of strain on ferroelectric field effect in strongly correlated oxide Sm0.5Nd0.5NiO3 . Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152906 (2015).Google Scholar
26. Gantmakher, V.F.: Electrons and Disorder in Solids (Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 2005), pp. 5873.Google Scholar
27. Mott, N.F.: Metal-Insulator Transitions (Taylor and Francis, London, UK, 1990), pp. 555.Google Scholar
28. Zhang, Y., Dai, P., Levy, M., and Sarachik, M.P.: Probind the coulomb gap in insulating n-type CdSe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2687 (1990).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Mott, N.F. and Davis, E.A.: Electronics Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, 2nd ed. (Oxford, Clarendon, England, 2012), pp. 764.Google Scholar
30. Paul, D.K. and Mitra, S.S.: Evaluation of Mott's parameters for hopping conduction in amorphous Ge, Si, and Se-Si. Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 1000 (1973).Google Scholar
31. Xiang, P.-H., Zhong, N., Duan, C.-G., Tang, X.D., Hu, Z.G., Yang, P.X., Zhu, Z.Q., and Chu, J.H.: Strain controlled metal-insulator transition in epitaxial NdNiO3 thin films. J. Appl. Phys. 114, 243713 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Ramadoss, K., Mandal, N., Dai, X., Wan, Z., Zhou, Y., Rokhinson, L., Chen, Y.P., Hu, J., and Ramanathan, S.: Sign reversal of magnetoresistance in a perovskite nickelate by electron doping. Phys. Rev. B 94, 235124 (2016).Google Scholar
33. Hauser, A.J., Mikheev, E., Moreno, N.E., Hwang, J., Zhang, J.Y., and Stemmer, S.: Correlation between stoichiometry, strain, and metal-insulator transitions of NdNiO3 films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 092104 (2015).Google Scholar