Materials Requirements for Experimental Fusion Reactors

Extract

The next major step in the development of fusion power involves the design, construction, and operation of an experimental power reactor. The general objective of this type of device is to demonstrate key plasma physics, materials, and engineering performance under conditions that approach those considered necessary to establish the technical feasibility of fusion power. This device is generally perceived to be a tokamak configuration that operates on the deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel cycle, which would produce several hundred megawatts of fusion power. Although a number of conceptual design studies on this type of device have been conducted, the current effort is focused on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) activity, a joint undertaking of the European Community (EC), Japan, the United States, and the Soviet Union, conducted under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The development of fusion power as an energy source depends to a large extent on the proper selection of materials for the various components. these materials will be exposed to a wide variety of conditions such as plasma particle and neutron radiation, high thermal fluxes, large thermal and mechanical stress, various chemical environments, and high magnetic fields. In order to achieve the high performance desired for a commercial power reactor, considerable materials development will be required. Because of the relatively near term time scale projected for ITER and the limited objectives, more conventional materials with more extensive data bases will be used where possible. Even so, a substantial materials development program is required to support a test reactor like ITER.