Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T03:52:15.910Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Materials and the Global Environment: Waste Mining in the 21st Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Sustainability is supposed to be the watchword of the coming century. Kenneth Boulding characterized the economic system of the 19th century as a “cowboy economy,” meaning that resources were essentially not a limiting factor. In contrast, he noted that in the future we must prepare to live in a “spaceship economy,” adopting Barbara Ward's famous metaphor of “Spaceship Earth.” In a spaceship, all materials must be recycled (or discarded into space).

Type
Materials Challenges for the Next Century
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2001

References

1Boulding, K.E., “The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth,” in Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy, edited by Jarett, H. (Johns Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future, Baltimore, 1966).Google Scholar
2Ward, B., Spaceship Earth (Columbia University Press, New York, 1966).Google Scholar
3Williams, R., “Advanced Energy Technologies,” in World Energy Assessment, edited by Goldemberg, J. (United Nations, New York, 2000).Google Scholar
4Tateda, M., Ike, M., and Fujita, M., Resources, Conservation and Recycling 19 (1997) p. 93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Nowak, Z., “Recovery of Minerals and Elements from Ash,” in Coal Ash Utilization: Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and Slag, edited by Torrey, S. (Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ, 1978).Google Scholar
6Roy, M., Murtha, J., and Burnet, G., Industrial Applications of Magnetic Separation (IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1979).Google Scholar
7Morton, W.E. in Coal Ash Utilization: Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and Slag, edited by Torrey, S. (Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ, 1978).Google Scholar
8Peters, F.R. and Johnson, P.W.Revised and Updated Cost Estimates for Producing Alumina from Domestic Raw Materials, Information Circular (8648), (U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington DC, 1974).Google Scholar
9Yun, C.K.Park, S.B. and Park, W.H.Aluminum Kombinat: An Integral Utilization of Low Grade Anthracites for Simultaneous Recovery of Aluminum and Energy,” presented at the 4th Joint Meet., MMIJ-AIME, Tokyo, 1980.Google Scholar
10Canon, R.M.Gilliam, T.M. and Watson, J.S.Evaluating Potential Processes for Recovery of Metals from Coal Ash (CS-1992) (Electric Power Research Institute, November 1981).Google Scholar
11Ayres, R.U. and Ayres, L.W.Industrial Ecology—Towards Closing the Materials Cycle (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 1996) pp. 4344, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Andersson, B.A.Progress in Photovoltaics 8 (2000) p. 61.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Andersson, B.A. and Råde, I., “Metal Resource Constraints for Large-Scale Battery Electric Vehicle Fleets,” Transportation Research Part D—Energy and the Environment, in press.Google Scholar
14Harrison, R.P.Altered Landscapes: ‘Red Mud’ and the Aluminum Industry,” presented at the Second Intl. Symp. on Iron Control in Metallurgy, Ottawa, Canada, October 20–23, 1996.Google Scholar
15Brown, S.O. and Kirkpatrick, D.B.Red Mud Product Development,” in Light Metals 1999 (Mineral, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, 1999) p. 25.Google Scholar
16Newton, P.Making Bricks with Red Mud in Jamaica, International Development Research Center Report Vol. 21, No. 2., Ottawa, Canada, 1993.Google Scholar
17Brown, W.Century-Board (personal communication, 2000).Google Scholar
18Yalcin, N. and Selvinc, V.Ceramics International 26 (5) (2000) p. 485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Mishra, B.Kirkpatrick, D. and Slavik, M. in Proc. EPD Congress 2000 (Mineral, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, 2000) p. 369.Google Scholar
20Kasai, T. and Mizota, T.J. Mining Mater. Proc. Inst. Jpn. 112 (3) (1996) p. 131.Google Scholar