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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 January 2011
The 1973–1974 First Energy Crisis was a cloud with a silver lining for Brazil. A severe negative balance of payments, as oil prices more than quadrupled, stimulated the birth of a bioethanol initiative based on fermented sugarcane, which vaulted the country into today's position as a world leader in the quest for renewable energy that promises to be green, affordable, and secure.