Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:18:12.904Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Friction in the Presence of Molecular Lubricants and Solid/Hard Coatings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

Judith A. Harrison  and
Scott S. Perry
Get access

Extract

Two of the most widely employed approaches for enhancing the lifetime and tribological performance of mechanical devices involve the introduction of lubricants and solid/hard coatings to the interface between two contacting surfaces. These approaches have been employed for centuries, and their design has been widely accomplished through empirical methods. In the last 20 years however, the general trend of device miniaturization and the development of advanced technology applications have placed more stringent demands on the performance of many tribological interfaces. For example, many of the hard-disk storage products now shipped in computers rely upon a single layer of lubricant molecules adsorbed on a submicron-thick layer of amorphous carbon to control the static friction and wear between the read/write head and the disk surface. In other advanced technologies, hard-coating materials are introduced into tribological interfaces that will operate in remote or harsh environments to improve the durability and lifetime of the devices. In the previous examples, the introduction of a thin coating or a change in surface composition dramatically influences the tribological properties and indicates that many tribological interfaces can be understood and described on a molecular scale. This article will review recent progress made in understanding the molecular events associated with tribological phenomena from both experimental and theoretical approaches.

In general, advances in experimental studies have been realized through developing a greater sensitivity to the relatively few number of species found within a tribological contact.

Type
Fundamentals of Friction
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 23 , Issue 6 , June 1998 , pp. 27 - 31
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Yoshizawa, H., Chen, Y-L., and Israelachvili, J., Wear 168 (1993) p. 161; F-J. Schmitt, H. Yoshizawa, A. Schmidt, G. Duda, W. Knoll, G. Wegner, and J. Israelachvili, Macromolecules 28 (1995) p. 3401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Kim, H. I., Koini, T., Lee, T.R., and Perry, S.S., Langmuir 13 (1997) p. 7192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Xiao, X., Hu, J., Charych, D.H., and Salmeron, M., Langmuir 12 (1996) p. 235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.van den Oetelaar, R.J.A. and Flipse, C.F.J., Surf. Sci. 384 (1997) p. L828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Daly, C., Krim, J., and Widom, A., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) p. 803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Xu, Q., Xiao, X-d., Charych, D., Wolf, F., Frantz, P., Ogletree, D.F., Shen, Y.R., and Salmeron, M., Phys. Rev. B 51 (1995) p. 7456.Google Scholar
7.McClelland, G.M. and Glosli, J.N., “Friction at the Atomic Scale,” in Fundamentals of Friction: Macroscopic and Microscopic Processes, edited by Singer, I.L. and Pollock, H.M. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992) p. 405 and references therein.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Zhong, W. and Tomanek, D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) p. 3054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Smith, E.D., Robbins, M.O., and Cieplak, M., Phys. Rev. B 54 (1996) p. 8252; Glosli, J.N., and McClelland, G.M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 (13) (1993) p. 1960; Sorensen, M.R., Jacobsen, K.W., and Stoltze, P., Phys. Rev. B. 53 (1996) p. 2101; Landman, U., Luedtke, W.D., Ouyang, J., and Xia, T.K., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (1993) p. 1444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. For a review of the MD technique, for example, see Harrison, J.A., Stuart, S.J., and Brenner, D.W., “Atomic-Scale Simulation of Tribological and Related Phenomena,” in Handbook of Micro/Nanoiribology, edited by Bhushan, B. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998) in press and references therein; A canonical ensemble has a constant number of particles N, at a constant volume V, and a constant temperature T.Google Scholar
11.Harrison, J.A., Colton, R.J., White, C.T., and Brenner, D.W., Phys. Rev. B 46 (1992) p. 9700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Harrison, J.A., White, C.T., Colton, R.J., and Brenner, W.D., Thin Solid Films 260 (1995) p. 205; M.D. Perry and J.A. Harrison, Langmuir 12 (1996) p. 4552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Perry, M.D. and Harrison, J.A., J. Phys. Chem. B 101 (1997) p. 1364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Harrison, J.A., Stuart, S.J., and Perry, M.D., “The Tribology of Hydrocarbon Surfaces Investigated using Molecular Dynamics,” in Proc. Workshop on Tribology Issues and Opportunities in MEMS (November 9-11, 1997, Columbus, OH) (Kluwer Academic Publishers) in press.Google Scholar
15.Harrison, J.A. and Brenner, D.W., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 (1994) p. 10399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Several papers have reviewed the details of tribological measurements using AFM. For example, see Carpick, R.W. and Salmeron, M., Chem. Rev. 97 (4) (1997) p. 1163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Brenner, D.W., Phys. Rev. B 42 (1990) p. 9458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Singer, I.L., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12 (1994) p. 2605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Kim, H.I. and Perry, S.S. (unpublished).Google Scholar
20.Merrill, P.B., Perry, S.S., Frantz, P., and Didziulis, S., presented at the 1997 American Vacuum Society Fall Meeting.Google Scholar
21.Frantz, P., Didziulis, S., Merrill, P.B., and Perry, S.S., Tribology Lett. 4 (1998) p. 141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Wilks, J. and Wilks, E.M., in The Properties of Diamond, edited by Field, J.E. (Academic Press, London, 1979) p. 531; Feng, Z. and Field, J.E., Surf. Coat. Technol. 47 (1991) p. 631; D. Tabor and Field, J.E., in The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond, edited by Field, J.E. (Academic Press, London, 1992) p. 547 and references therein.Google Scholar
23.Hayward, I.P. and Field, J.E., in Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., IMech E Conf. 1 (1987) p. 205; Hayward, I.P., Surf. Coat. Technol. 49 (1991) p. 554 and references therein.Google Scholar