Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T09:33:00.051Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

ER Fluids Based on Liquid-Crystalline Polymers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

Akio Inoue ,
Yohichiro Ide ,
Syunji Maniwa ,
Hiroyuki Yamada  and
Hiroji Oda
Get access

Extract

Electrorheological (ER) fluids are most broadly classified as either particle dispersion or homogeneous types. The history of their development has been one of a search for fluids of either type that exhibit a large ER effect—an increase in viscosity or shear stress upon exposure to an electric field—together with longterm stability under various temperatures and conditions of use.

The first particle dispersion ER fluids were invented by W.M. Winslow in the late 1940s. Many fluids of this type have been investigated since then, and a few have been developed and adopted for practical applications.

Homogeneous ER fluids have been investigated even longer. The earliest reported observations of the ER effect were for homogeneous fluids composed of glycerin and paraffin oil in the 1890s. In the 1930s, the ER effect was also observed in polar liquids such as nitrobenzene and anirin and in colloids of superfine metal powders. In all cases however the viscosity in the electric field was only two or three times the zero-field viscosity, which is too small for useful applications.

Since the advent of low-molecular-weight liquid-crystalline (LC) materials in the 1960s, investigations have been made on the viscosity changes accompanying their inherent tendency to align in an electric field, but their maximum viscosity generally is only a few times their zero-field viscosity, and their shear stress is in any case small.

Type
The Materials Science of Field-Responsive Fluids
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 23 , Issue 8 , August 1998 , pp. 43 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Duff, A.W., Phys. Rev. 4 (1896) p. 23.Google Scholar
2.Quincke, G., Ann. Phys. Chem. Neue Folge. 62 (1897) p. 1.Google Scholar
3.Alcock, E.D., Physics 7 (1936) p. 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Bjornstahl, Y., Physics 6 (1935) p. 257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Wysocki, J.J., Adams, J., and Haas, W., J. Appl. Phys. 40 (1969) p. 3865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Honda, T., Sasada, T., and Kurokawa, K., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 17 (1978) p. 1525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Inoue, A. and Maniwa, S., European Patent No. 478,034A1 (April 1, 1992).Google Scholar
8.Inoue, A. and Maniwa, S., in Proc. 41st Japanese Rheology Conf. (Japan Rheological Society, Yamagata, 1993) p. 73.Google Scholar
9.Byatt, W., GB Patent No. 2,220,515 (1989).Google Scholar
10.Kishi, R., Ichijyo, H., and Kitano, T., in Proc. Pacific Conf. of Rheology and Polymer Processings (Japan Rheological Society, Kyoto, 1994) p. 325.Google Scholar
11.Tanaka, K., Fujii, A., and Koyama, K., Polym. J. 24 (1992) p. 995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Uemura, T., Minagawa, K., and Koyama, K., Polym. J. 26 (1994) p. 1402.Google Scholar
13.Morishita, S., Nakano, K., and Kimura, Y., Tribology Int. 26 (1993) p. 399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Fukumasa, M., Yoshida, K., Ohkubo, S., and Yoshizawa, A., Ferroelectrics 147 (1993) p. 393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Negita, K., in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Electrorheological Fluids, Magnetorheological Suspensions and Their Applications (Japan Rheological Society, Yamagata, 1997) p. 218.Google Scholar
16.Inoue, A. and Maniwa, S., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 59 (1996) p. 797.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Inoue, A. and Maniwa, S., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 55 (1995) p. 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Inoue, A., Ide, Y., and Oda, H., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64 (1997) p. 1319.3.0.CO;2-S>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Inoue, A. and Maniwa, S., Japanese Patent No. H04–337389 (November 25, 1992).Google Scholar
20.Matuo, Y. and Asada, T., in Proc. 16th Liquid Crystal Syinp. (Hiroshima, 1990) p. 82 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
21.Yang, I-K. and Shaine, A.D., J. Rheol. 36 (1992) p. 1079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Inoue, A., Maniwa, S., Ide, Y., and Oda, H., Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 10 (1996) p. 3191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Inoue, A., Maniwa, S., and Ide, Y., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64 (1997) p. 303.3.0.CO;2-1>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Inoue, A., Ide, Y., Maniwa, S., Yamada, H., and Oda, H., in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Electrorheological Fluids, Magnetorheological Suspensions and Their Applications (Japan Rheological Society, Yamagata, 1997) p. 11.Google Scholar
25.Tajiri, K., Ohta, K., Nagaya, T., Orihara, H., Ishibashi, Y., Doi, M., and Inoue, A., J. Rheol. 41 (1997) p. 335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Toyosima, Y., Minami, N., and Sukigara, M., Mol. Cryst. Uq. Cryst. 35 (1976) p. 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Tanaka, K., Oiwa, Y., Kubono, A., and Akiyama, R., in Proc. 25th Annu. Meeting Japanese Rheology Soc. (Japanese Rheology Society, Tokyo, 1998) in press.Google Scholar
28.Furusho, J. and Sakaguchi, M., Jpn. J. Tribology 41 (1996) p. 645.Google Scholar
29.Nagasio, T., Yamazaki, K., Takeshue, N., Sakaguchi, M., and Furusho, J., Trans. Conf. on Robotics and Mechatronics 96, vol. B (Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineering, 1996) p. 1269.Google Scholar