Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T09:43:44.317Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Design of High-Strength, High-Conductivity Alloys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

J. Miyake ,
G. Ghosh  and
M.E. Fine
Get access

Extract

Computer-aided design of alloys is becoming increasingly useful, replacing the completely experimental approach. The computer-aided approach significantly reduces the cost of alloy design and more easily leads to optimum properties by reducing the amount of experimentation. Design of high-strength, high-conductivity alloys is a good example of the efficacy of using the computer to design experimental alloys.

Alloys that have both high strength and high electrical conductivity are needed for many applications such as lead frames, connectors, conducting springs, and sliding contacts. Figure 1 shows the strength and conductivity of some commercially available copper-based alloys. Since dissolved solutes in an otherwise pure metal rapidly reduce the electrical conductivity (as well as the thermal conductivity), solid solution strengthening is not suitable for designing this class of alloys. Such alloys must be designed on the basis of precipitation or dispersion hardening. The theory of the yield stress of alloys with precipitates or dispersed phases has been well-formulated and may be used for alloy design. The solubility of the hardening phase in the matrix must be very small. Otherwise the conductivity will be degraded too much. Nordheim's rule relates conductivity to dissolved solute in alloys and is also available for alloy design. Decreasing the dissolved solute increases the conductivity and strength due to an increase in the volume fraction of the precipitate.

Type
Technical Feature
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 21 , Issue 6 , June 1996 , pp. 13 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. SCM Metal Products Inc. (Alloys C15715, 15725, 15760) Cleveland.Google Scholar
2.Marcus, H.L., Eliezer, Z., and Fine, M.E., Method of Making Copper-Titanium Nitride Alloy, U.S. Patent No. 5,338,374 (August 16, 1994).Google Scholar
3.Nordheim, V.L., Azul. Phys. 5 (1931) p. 642.Google Scholar
4.Pollock, D.D., Electrical Conduction in Solids (American Society of Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1985) p. 148.Google Scholar
5.Stanley, J.K., Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Metals (American Society of Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1963) p. 53.Google Scholar
6.Taubenblatt, P.W., Smith, W.E., and Graviano, A.R., in High Conductivity Copper and Aluminum Alloys, edited by Ling, E. and Taubenblatt, P.W. (Conf. Proc. TMS AIME, Los Angeles, 1984) p. 19.Google Scholar
7.Wilkes, P., Solid State Theory in Metallurgy (Cambridge University Press, 1973) p. 95.Google Scholar
8.Crampton, D.K., Berghoff, H.L., and Stacy, J.T., Trans. AIME 137 (1940) p. 354.Google Scholar
9.Fedorov, V.N., Zakharov, M.V., Kucherov, V.I., and Osintsev, O.E., Russian Metall. 6 (1971) p. 128.Google Scholar
10.Corson, M.G., Proc. Instil. Met. Div. 435 (1927).Google Scholar
11.Hansen, M., Constitution of Binary Alloys (McGraw Hill, New York, 1958).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Subramanian, P.R. and Laughlin, D.E., Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 9 (1988) p. 322.Google Scholar
13.Elliott, R.P., Constitution of Binary Alloys, First Supplement (McGraw Hill, New York, 1965).Google Scholar
14.Zener, C., Thermodynamics in Physical Metallurgy (American Society of Metals, OH, 1950) p. 16.Google Scholar
15.Fink, W.L. and Freche, H.R., Trans. Am. Soc. Metall. Eng. 111 (1934) p. 304.Google Scholar
16.Copper Alloys Guide (Olin Corporation, Illinois, 1992).Google Scholar
17.Miyake, J. and Fine, M.E., Acta Metall. Mater. 40 (1992) p. 733.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Olin HSM Copper (Alloy 194) Technical Data, Olin Corporation, Illinois.Google Scholar
19.Sundman, B., Jansson, B., and Andersson, J.O., CALPHAD 9 (1985) p. 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Wagner, C., Z. Electrochem. 65 (1961) p. 581.Google Scholar
21.Ashby, M.F., Oxide Dispersion Strengthening (Metall. Soc. Conf., Gordon and Breach, New York, 1968).Google Scholar
22.Martin, J.W., Micromechanism in Particle-Hardened Alloys (Cambridge University Press, 1980).Google Scholar
23.Lifshitz, I.F. and Slyozov, V.V., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 19 (1961) p. 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Miyake, J. and Fine, M.E., Scripta Metall. 25 (1991) p. 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Servi, I.S. and Turnbull, D., Acta Metall. 14 (1966) p. 161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Witt, M. and Gerold, V., Scripta Metall 3 (1969) p. 371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Rollason, T.C. and Martin, J.W., Acta Metall. 18 (1970) p. 1267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Nishizawa, T. and Ishida, K., Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 5 (1984) p. 161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Ishida, K. and Nishizawa, T., Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 11 (1990) p. 555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar