Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T06:12:10.887Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Challenges in Materials Research for Sustainable Nuclear Energy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Baldev Raj ,
M. Vijayalakshmi ,
P.R. Vasudeva Rao  and
K.B.S. Rao
Baldev Raj
Affiliation:
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India
M. Vijayalakshmi
Affiliation:
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India
P.R. Vasudeva Rao
Affiliation:
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India
K.B.S. Rao
Affiliation:
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Global energy demand is expected to increase steeply, creating an urgent need to evolve a judicious global energy policy, exploiting the potential of all available energy resources, including nuclear energy. With increasing awareness of environmental issues, nuclear energy is expected to play an important role on the energy scenario in the coming decades. The immediate thrust in the science and technology of nuclear materials is to realize a robust reactor technology with associated fuel cycle and ensure the cost competitiveness of nuclear power and to extend the service life of reactors to 100 years. Accordingly, the present-generation materials need to be modified to meet the demands of prolonged exposure to irradiation and extended service life for the reactor. Emerging nuclear systems incorporate features to ensure environmental friendliness, effective waste management, enhanced safety, and proliferation resistance and require development of high-temperature materials and the associated technologies. Fusion, on a longer horizon of about fve decades, also requires the development of a new spectrum of materials. The development of next-generation materials technology is expected to occur in short times and is likely to be further accelerated by strong international collaborations.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 33 , Issue 4: Harnessing Materials for Energy , April 2008 , pp. 327 - 337
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

References

1.International Atomic Energy Agency (TECDOC 1434, 24, 2004; www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1434_web.pdf) (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
2.World Association of Nuclear Operators, 2006 Performance Indicators (London, UK, 2006; http://wano.org.uk/PerformanceIndicators/PI_Trifold/PI_2006_Trifold.pdf) (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
3.International Atomic Energy Agency, “Nuclear Power and Sustainable Development,” 13 (IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 2006; www.IAEA.org/Publications/Booklets/NPSD0506.pdf) (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
4.World Nuclear Association, Can Uranium Supplies Sustain the Global Nuclear Renaissance? (September 2005; www.world-nuclear.org/reference/position_statements/uranium.html) (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
5.OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and International Atomic Energy Agency, Uranium 2005—Resources, Production and Demand (OECD, Paris, France, 2005) p. 9.Google Scholar
6.Uranium Information Centre, Waste Management in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle (Australian Uranium Association, April 2007; www.uic.com.au/nip09.htm) (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
7.www.iaea.org/worldatom/Programmes/Nuclear_Energy/NENP/NPTDS/Projects/brochure.pdf (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
8.http://nuclear.energy.gov/genIV/neGenIV1.html (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
9.Handl, K.H., “Nuclear Heat Applications: Design Aspects and Operating Experience,” 313 (IAEA-TECDOC-1056, 2004; www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/inisnkm/nkm/aws/htgr/abstracts/abst_29067709.html) (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
10. UIC Briefng Paper #77 (September 2007; www.uic.com.au/nip77.htm) (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
11.International Atomic Energy Agency, Thorium Fuel Utilization: Options and Trends (IAEA-TECDOC 1319, 2000).Google Scholar
12.Raj, B., Interim Report on Joint Study on Assessment Using the INPRO Methodology for an Innovative Nuclear Energy System based on a Closed Nuclear Fuel Cycle with Fast Reactors (CNFC-FR) (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna).Google Scholar
13.www.nea.fr/html/ndd/reports/2002/nea3109.html (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
14.www.amdis.iaea.org/graphite (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
15.www-nds.iaea.org/reports/nds-197.pdf (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
16.www-nds.iaea.org/reports-new/indc-reports/indc-nds/indc-nds-0128.pdf (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
17.Odette, G.R., Lucas, G.E., J. Met. 53 (7), 18 (2001).Google Scholar
18.Ganesan, V., J. Nuci. Mater. 256, 69 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/STP/PAGES/STP15182S.htm. (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
20.www.pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Meetings/PDFplus/2005/SF_Presentations05/Session2/Banerjee.pdf. (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
21.Ehrlich, K., Konys, J., Heikinheimo, L., J. Nucl. Mater 327 (2–3), 140 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Watteau, M., Estève, B., Guldner, R., Hoffman, R., Framatome ANP Extended Burnup Experience and Views on LWR Fuels (World Nuclear Association Annual Symposium, 2001; www.world-nuclear.org/sym/2001/watteau.htm) (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
23.Raj, B., Mannan, S.L., Vasudeva Rao, P.R., Mathew, M.D., Sadhana 27(5), 527 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Cawthorne, C., Fulton, E.J., Naturels, 575 (1967); www.nature.com/nature/journal/vz16/n5115/pdf/216575a0.pdf (accessed January 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Garner, F.A., in Materials Science and Technology: A Comprehensive Treatment, Cahn, R.W., Haasen, P., Kramer, E.J., Eds.; Frost, B.R.T., Vol. Ed., 01.10A (VCH, 1994), p. 419.Google Scholar
26.Divakar, R., Banerjee, A., Raju, S., Mohandas, E., Panneerselvam, G., Siva Subramanian, K., Antony, M.P., 57th Annual Technical Meeting of the Indian Institute of Metals, Kolkata, India, November 2003.Google Scholar
27.Seren, J.L., Levy, V., Dubuisson, P., Gilbon, D., Mailard, A., Fissolo, A., Touron, H., Cauvin, R., Chalony, A., le Boulbin, E., in 15th International Symposium, ASTM STP 1125, Stoller, R.E., Kumar, A.S., Gilles, D.S., Eds. (ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, 1992).Google Scholar
28.Toloczko, M.B., Garner, F.A., J. ASTM Int. 1, 4 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Raj, B., Int. J. Nucl. Energy Sci. Technol. 1 (2–3), 164 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Raj, B., Kamachi Mudali, U., Prog. Nucl. Energy 48, 283 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Ringwood, A.E., Oversby, V.M., Kesson, S.E., Sinclair, W., Ware, N., Hibbersson, W., Major, A., Nucl. Chem. Waste Manage. 2 (4), 287 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.http://technology.newscientist.com/channel/tech/nuclear/mg13418263.000 (accessed January 2008).Google Scholar
33.Keiser, D.D. Jr, Abraham, D.P, Sinkler, W., Richardson, J.W. Jr, Mcdeavitt, S.M., J. Nucl. Mater. 279 (2–3), 234 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Almazouzi, A., Lucon, E., paper presented at EUROMAT-2005, Prague, Czech Republic; SCK7CEN, Mol., Belgium, 5–9 September, 2005.Google Scholar