Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T20:06:10.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Selected Refractory Advances in Steel-Handling Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

B. Brezny ,
T.F. Vezza  and
T.A. Leitzel
Get access

Extract

The iron and steel industry is constantly undergoing technological changes in improving its processes to produce the highest quality world-class steels. As a consequence, the refractories industry has been challenged to keep in lock-step with the iron and steel industry to enhance, not detract from these processes.

Certain internal combinations have enabled these refractories changes. Three expositions can display the sophistication to which refractories have advanced, so this article will explore refractories for primary steelmaking, ladles, and slide-gate devices for continuous casting.

The start-up of the first top-blown oxygen vessel at the Linz Works in Austria 37 years ago was a historical milestone in the evolution of steelmaking. At that time the open-hearth process was the dominant steelmaking technology in the world. Ten to 12 hours were required to produce one batch of steel in the open-hearth furnace, but only one hour is needed to refine the same amount of steel in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF). In a top-blown BOF all oxygen required for refining is introduced into the vessel through the oxygen lance inserted through the top of the vessel.

Toward the end of the 1960s, bottom-blown processes, such as OBM and Q-BOP, became very important in oxygen steelmaking. In the bottom-blown process, oxygen and lime are blown into the steel batch through bottom tuyeres.

Type
Refractories
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 14 , Issue 11 , November 1989 , pp. 38 - 44
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Barthel, H., “Effect of Carbon in Tar-Impregnated Burned Magnesia Brick on the Wear of Basic Oxygen Furnace Linings,” Stahl Eisen, 86 (2) (1964) p. 81–88. H. Brutcher translation No. 6829.Google Scholar
2.Herron, R.H., Beecham, C.R., and Padfield, R.E., “Slag Attack on Carbon-Bearing Basic Refractories,” Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 46 (12) (1967) p. 1163–1168.Google Scholar
3.Limes, R.W., “Refractories for Basic Oxygen Furnaces,” J. Met. 18 (17) (1966) p. 865–869.Google Scholar
4.Robinson, P.C., “Some Observations on Unused and Used Refractories from Oxygen Steelmaking Vessels,” Refr. J. 42 (6) (1966) p. 218–222.Google Scholar
5.Gans, W., Knaucke, O., and Maarout, E., “Erosion and Corrosion of Magnesite Brick,” Arch. Eisenhuettenwes., 39 (9) (1968) p. 669–672.Google Scholar
6.Brezny, B. and Landy, R.A., “Microstructural and Chemical Changes of Pitch-Impregnated Magnesite Brick Under Reducing Conditions,” Trans. J. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 71 (6) (1972) p. 163–170.Google Scholar
7.Carniglia, S.C., “Limitations on Internal Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in BOF Refractories,” Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 52 (2) (1973) p. 160–165.Google Scholar
8.Baker, B.H., Brezny, B., and Shultz, R.L., “Role of Carbon in Steel Plant Refractories,” Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 55 (7) (1976) p. 649–654.Google Scholar
9.Ishibashi, T., Matsumura, T., Hosokawa, K., and Matsomoto, K., “Behaviours of Flake Graphites on Magnesia Clinkers in Magnesia-Carbon Refractories,” Taikabutsa Overseas, 3 (4) (June 1983) p. 3–13.Google Scholar
10.Horio, T., Fukuoka, H., Asano, K., “Evaluation of Applicability of MgO-C Brick to Converters and its Effect,” Taikabutsu Overseas 6 (1) (1986) p. 11–15.Google Scholar
11.Watanabe, A., Takahashi, H., Matsuki, T., and Takahashi, M., “Effects of Metallic Elements Addition on the Properties of Magnesia Carbon Bricks,” Preprint of the First International Conference of Refractories, Tokyo, Japan (Nov. 1983) p. 125–134.Google Scholar
12.Hart, R.L. and Michael, D.J., “MagnesiteCarbon Brick for Steelmaking,” (Steelmaking Proc. 69, Washington, DC, April 1986) p. 171–175.Google Scholar
13.Yamaguchi, A., “Control of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in MgO-C Refractories,” Taikabutsu Overseas 4 (1) (1981) p. 32–37.Google Scholar
14.Lemon, R.H.R.B., “Phenol-Formaldehyde Polymers for the Bonding of Refractories,” Br. Ceram. Trans. J. 84 (1) (1985) p. 53–56.Google Scholar